Q 1 – What is the mode of nutrition in fungi?
Saprophytic nutrition.
Q 2 – Name the pigment, which can absorb solar energy.
Chlorophyll is the pigment, which can absorb solar energy.
Q 3 – Name the factors, which affect photosynthesis.
The factors which affect photosynthesis are light, water, temperature, humidity, age of the leaf, and carbon dioxide.
Q 4 – How does amoeba engulf its food?
Amoeba engulfs its food by extending pseudopodia. This process is known as Phagocytosis.
Q 5 – In which kind of respiration is more energy released?
In aerobic respiration more energy is released.
Q 6 – Which part of the roots is involved in the exchange of respiratory gases?
Root hair is the part of the root which is involved in the exchange of respiratory gases.
Q 7 – Name the two stages in photosynthesis.
Ans – The two stages in photosynthesis are
(i) Light reaction.
(ii) Dark reaction.
Q 8 – Name the parts of the digestive system of a grasshopper.
The parts of digestive system of a grasshopper are pharynx, salivary glands, hepatic caeca, malpighian tubules, ileum, colon, rectum and anus.
Q 9 – Define nutrition? What are the different modes of nutrition?
Nutrition is the process of intake, as well as utilization of nutrients by an organism.
The main modes of nutrition are as follows:-
- Autotrophic
- Heterotrophic
The heterotrophic mode of nutrition is of three types:-
- Saprophytic nutrition
- Parasitic nutrition
- Holozoic nutrition.
Q 10 – Name the respiratory organs of
(i) fish
(ii) mosquito
(iii) earthworm
(iv) dog
The respiratory organs of
- Fish – gills
- Mosquito – Trachea. series of external openings as Spiracles.
- Earthworm – skin
- Dog – lungs.
Q 11 – What is the scientific name of touch me not plant?
Mimosa pudica plant (sensitive plant)
Mimosa pudica plant (sensitive plant)
Q 12 – How saprophytes obtain their food?
1) The saprophytes break down the complex organic molecules present in dead and decaying matter and convert them into simpler substances outside their body.
2) These simpler substances are then absorbed by saprophytes as their food.
Q 13 – (i) Why are cramps caused in our muscles during sudden activity ?
(ii) Name the type of respiration that takes place in Yeast during fermentation.
(i) Cramps develop in muscles during excessive activity due to formation and accumulation of lactic acid as a result of lesser oxygen availability than required by muscles.
(ii) Anaerobic respiration.
Q 14 – Explain why only turgid leaf is selected for the preparation of temporary mount of a leaf peel.
1. The peel can be removed easily,
2. Peel can be spread easily.
3. The cells are of normal shape and structure.
Q 15 – In an experiment to prepare temporary stained mount of a leaf epidermal peel, how can extra stain be removed ? What possible outcome would be observed if it is removed with cotton wool ?
Extra stain is removed with the help of blotting paper. Cotton wool is not used as it has a tendency to spread the stain.
Q 16 – David observed a temporary mount of leaf peel under the high power of the microscope. He found two types of nucleated cells. Name the cells observed by him.
Epidermal cells, guard cells (of stomata).
Q 17 – Mention the ideal location where you would expect them to obtain the leaf peel for the experiment.
Middle of the leaf. It is twisted and torn with a jerk. In the dicot leaf, stomata occur mostly on the lower surface while in the monocot leaf both the surfaces possess stomata.
Q 18 – Mention the shape of guard cells and write its constituents.
In dicots the guard cells are bean-shaped in outline. They are two in number and joined at the ends with thick walls towards each other and thin walls towards outside. Each guard cell contains a single nucleus and a number of chlroplasts.
Q 19 – What are enzymes? Name any one enzyme of our digestive system and write its function.
Enzymes are biological catalysts. Catalysts are proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions without being used up. For example: Amylase catalyses the breakdown of starch into sugars in the mouth and small intestine.
Q 20 – State any two functions of the cells that surround the stomata.
Functions of Guard Cells :
1. Opening and closing of stomata.
2. Allowing exchange of gases and transpiration.
Q 21 – (i) Name two organisms that obtain food through parasitic nutritive strategy,
(ii) How do fungi obtain their food ?
(i) Parasitic Nutrition. Cuscuta (a plant), Plasmodium (Malarial Parasite).
(ii) Most of the fungi are saprotrophs. They obtain their nourishment from organic matter.
Q 22 – (a) Match the key words with their definition :
(i) Excretion
(ii) Elimination
(A) Is the removal of faeces (B) Applies to metabolic waste products that cross a plasma membrane.
(b) Name various excretory organs in vertebrates.
(a)
(i) — B,
(ii) — A.
(b) Kidneys. Some accessory excretory organs of vertetrates are skin, lungs, liver and large intestine.
Q 23 – Where does digestion of fat take place in our body ?
Digestion of fat occurs in first part (duodenum and jejunum) of small intestine with the help of enzyme lipase that acts on emulsified fat to form fatty acids and glycerol.
Q 24 – Mention how organisms like Bread Mould and Mushroom obtain their food.
They obtain their food by Saprophytic mode of nutrition from external organic matter by dissolving the same with the help of digestive enzymes.
Q 25 – State the difference between the broad-leaved plants and the Narrow-leaved plants on the basis of the stomata?
In most broad leaved Plants ,the stomata are located in the lower surface of the leaf but in the narrow leaved plants , the stomata are equally distributed on both the sodes of the leaf.
Q 26 –How the plants take up nitrogen from the soil and the atmosphere?
The plants take up nitrogen from the soil in the form of inorganic salts called Nitrates NO3 – (or Nitrites- NO2 – ), or in the form of inorganic compounds which are produced by bacteria from the atmospheric nitrogen .
Q 27 –What are chloroplasts & where are they found in the leaves ?
Chloroplasts are the organelles in the cells of green plants which contain chlorophyll and where photosynthesis takes place.
Chloroplasts can be seen as numerous disc-like organelles in the photosynthetic cells (or mesophyll cells) of the palisade tissue just below the upper epidermis.
Q 28 – What is cuticle ?
Cuticle as seen in the above diagram is a thin, waxy protective layer above and below a leaf which helps to reduce the loss of water from the leaf.c
Q 29 – Name the term for transport of food from leaves to other parts of plants.
Translocation of food
Q 30 – What process in plants is known as transpiration ?
It is loss of water in the vapour form from the exposed parts of a plant.
Q 31 – Name the tissue which transports soluble products of photosynthesis in a plant.
Phloem.
Q 32 – Name the tissue which transports water and minerals in a plant.
Xylem
Q 33 – How do autotrophs obtain CO2 and N2 to make their food ?
Autotrophs obtain CO2 from air and N2 as nitrate or ammonium ion from the soil.
Q 34 –Which pancreatic enzyme is effective in digesting protein ?
Pancreatic Trypsin.
Q 35 – Which enzyme present in saliva breaks down starch ?
Ptyalin or salivary amylase.
Q 36 – Leakage of blood from vessels reduces the efficiency of pumping system. How is leakage prevented ?
Blood contains blood platelets. In the region of leakage, the platelets burst and release thromboplastin. It helps in coagulation of blood and seal the place of leakage or injury.
Q 37 – What is the role of acid in our stomach ?
HCl of gastric juice disinfects the food and acidifies it for proper functioning of proteolytic(enzymes involved in the digestion of proteins ) enzyme pepsin.
Q 38 – What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food ?
Saliva moistens the ingested food with mucus, sterilises it with lysozyme and partially digests starch part of food into sugar with the help of salivary amylase or ptyalin.
Q 39 – State the function of digestive enzymes.
Digestive enzymes are hydrolytic(concerned with hydrolysis reaction ) enzymes which cause breakdown of complex and insoluble components of food into simple, soluble and absorbable substances.
Q 40 – Name the component of blood that helps in the formation of blood clots in the event of a cut.
Blood platelets which release thromboplastin on rupturing.
Q 41 – State one difference between autotrophic and heterotrophic modes of nutrition.
In autotrophic nutrition, the food is self-manufactured while it is obtained ready-made from outside in heterotrophic nutrition.
Q 42 – What is translocation in plants ?
Translocation is passage of food materials in solution form in plants from the region of their supply or manufacture to the region of their use or storage.
Q 43 – State basic difference in the processes of respiration and photosynthesis.
Respiration is a catabolic process in which glucose is broken down to release energy while photosynthesis is an anabolic process in which glucose and other organic substances are manufactured from raw materials with help of solar radiations.
Q 44 – Name the intermediate and the end products of glucose breakdown in aerobic respiration.
Intermediate: Pyruvic acid(Ketonic carboxylic acid) +( Energy)
End Products: CO2 + H2O (+ Energy)
Q 45 – What is the purpose of sending blood to the kidney for filtration?
For removal of nitrogenous wastes, excess salts and some toxins.
Q 46 – Name the stored food of animals.
Glycogen and fat.
Q 47 – How does transport of water occur at night in the absence of transpiration ?
Due to root pressure and partly to meet daytime water deficit of aerial parts.
Q 48 – Name the component of food not digested in stomach.
Starch and other carbohydrates.
Q 49 – State the purpose of making urine.
Extract the soluble waste products from the blood for expulsion out of the body.
Q 50 – Mention the site of complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats in humans.
Small intestine.