Q 1 – Choose the correct nationality of the artist Frederic Sorrieu who visualised in his painting a society made up of Democratic and Social Republic.
(a) German
(b) Swiss
(c) French
(d) American
(c) French
Q 2 – Khilafat Committee was formed in 1919 in the city of
(a) Bombay
(b) Calcutta
(c) Lucknow
(d) Amritsar
(a) Bombay
Q 3 – ‘Nationalism’, which emerged as a force in the late 19th century, means
(a) strong devotion for one’s own country and its history and culture.
(b) strong devotion for one’s own country without appreciation for other nations.
(c) strong love for one’s own country and hatred for others.
(d) equally strong devotion for all the countries of the world.
(a) strong devotion for one’s own country and its history and culture.
Q 4 – Which of the following was the reason for calling off the Non-cooperation Movement by Gandhiji?
(a) Pressure from the British Government
(b) Second Round Table Conference
(c) Gandhiji’s arrest
(d) Chauri-Chaura incident
(d) Chauri-Chaura incident
Q 5 – Match the term with the statements given below:
A ‘Utopian Society’ is
(i) a society under a benevolent monarchy
(ii) a society that is unlikely to ever exist
(iii) a society under the control of a chosen few wise men
(iv) a society under Parliamentary Democracy
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (ii) only
(d) (iii) only
(b) (ii) and (iii)
Q 6 – Under the presidency of Jawahahar Lai Nehru, the Lahore Congress Session of 1929 formalised the demand of
(a) abolition of Salt Tax
(b) ‘Puma Swaraj’ or complete independence
(c) boycott of Simon Commission
(d) separate electorate for the ‘dalits’
(b) ‘Puma Swaraj’ or complete independence
Q 7 – Pick out the correct definition to define the term ‘Plebiscite’.
(a) Plebiscite is a direct vote by which only the female members of a region are asked to accept or reject a proposal.
(b) Plebiscite is a direct vote by the female members of a matriarchal system to accept or reject a proposal.
(c) Plebiscite is a direct vote by only a chosen few from the total population of a parti-cular region to accept or reject a proposal.
(d) Plebiscite is a direct vote by which all the citizens of a region are asked to accept or reject a proposal.
(d) Plebiscite is a direct vote by which all the citizens of a region are asked to accept or reject a proposal.
Q 8 – A form of demonstration used in the Non-cooperation Movement in which people block the entrance to a shop, factory or office is
(a) Boycott
(b) Begar
(c) Picketing
(d) Bandh
(c) Picketing
Q 9 – Where did the brutal ‘Jallianwala Massacre’ j take place?
(a) Amritsar
(b) Meerut
(c) Lahore
(d) Lucknow
(a) Amritsar
Q 10 – Ernst Renan believed that the existence of nations is a necessity because
(a) it ensures protection to all inhabitants.
(b) it ensures liberty to all inhabitant citizens.
(c) it ensures Parliamentary form of govern-ment to its inhabitants.
(d) it ensures jobs and good health to all its inhabitants.
(b) it ensures liberty to all inhabitant citizens.
Q 11 – Which party did not boycott the Council elections held in the year 1921?
(a) Swaraj Party
(b) Justice Party
(c) Muslim League
(d) Congress Party
(b) Justice Party
Q 12 – True or False
- After the defeat of Napoleon in 1820, European governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism.
- The fruit upheaval for democratisation took place in France in July 1830
- The treaty of constantinople of 1832 did not recognize Greece as an independent nation.
- The Habsburg rulers granted more autonomy to the Hungarians in 1867
- After 1850, Nationalism in Europe moved away from its association with democracy and revolution
1.False
2.true
3.true
4.true
5.False
Assertion and Reason Questions :-
Directions:- In the following questions, the Assertions (A) and Reason(s) (R) have been put forward. Read both statements carefully and choose the correct answer from the below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Q 13 – Assertion(A): The Congress under Mahatma Gandhi tried to connect different groups together into one movement .
Reasons(R): Unity didn’t come without conflicts.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Q 14 – Assertion(A): Rates of taxes were raised and income tax was introduced in colonial India.
Reason(R): Defence expenditure and war loans after the first world war was financed by Indian taxes.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q 15 – Assertion(A): Mahatma Gandhi appeared as a new leader for the popular movement after the first world war.
Reason(R): Hardships as hoped, ended after the war.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Q 16 – Assertion (A): In 1917 Mahatma Gandhi travelled to Champaran,Bihar.
Reason (R): It was Gandhi’s first major movement where he inspired peasants to resist exploitation by planters.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q 17 – Assertion (A) : Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation.
Reason (R) : Weavers in Silesia had led a revolt against the contractors who supplied raw material and gave them orders for finished textiles but drastically reduced their payments.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
Q 18 – Assertion (A) : Giuseppe Mazzini worked with the conservatives for the monarchy.
Reason (R) : Italy had to continue to be a patchwork of small states and kingdoms.
(d) Both assertion and reason are false.
Q 19 – Assertion (A) : Germany, Italy and Switzerland were divided into kingdoms, duchies and cantons whose rulers had their autonomous territories.
Reason (R) : They were closely bound to each other in spite of their autonomous rule.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
Q 20 – What is meant by the idea of Satyagraha?
Or
Explain the idea of Satyagraha according to Gandhiji.
- Satyagraha is pure soul-force.
- Truth is the very substance of the soul. That is why this force is called Satyagraha.
- The soul is informed with knowledge. It burns the flame of love.
- Non-violence is the supreme dharma.
- The idea of Satyagraha emphasised the power of truth and the need to search for truth. It suggested that if the cause was true, if the struggle was against injustice, then the physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor.
- Without seeking vengeance or being aggressive, a satyagrahi could win the battle through non-violence.
- In Satyagraha, people including the oppressors – had to be persuaded to see the truth, instead of being forced to accept truth through the use of violence.
- In this way by this struggle, truth was bound to ultimately triumph. Mahatma Gandhi believed that this dharma of non-violence would unite all Indians.
Q 21 – What steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective identity among the French people?
Or
Who were Marianne and Germania? What was the importance of the way in which they were portrayed?
From the very beginning, the French revolutionaries introduced various measures and practices that could create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people. The ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen) emphasized the notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution. A new French flag, the tricolour, was chosen to replace the former royal standard. The Estates General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the National Assembly. New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated, all in the name of the nation. A centralised administrative system was put in place and it formulated uniform laws for all citizens within its territory. Internal customs duties and dues were abolished and a uniform system of weights and measures was adopted. Regional dialects were discouraged and French, as it was spoken and written in Paris, became the common language of the nation.
Or
- In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, artists represented the country as if it were a person.
- Nations were portrayed as female figures that sought to give the abstract idea of the nation a concrete form.
- The female form that was chosen to personify the nation did not stand for any particular woman in a real life.
- Thus, in France, she was christened Marianne, a popular Christian name, which underlined the idea of a people’s nation.
- Her characteristics were drawn from those of liberty and the Republic – the red cap, the tricolour, the cockade.
- Statues of Marianne were installed in public squares to remind the public of the national symbols of unity and to persuade them to identify with it.
- Marianne images were marked on coins and stamps too.
- Similarly, Germania became the allegory of the German nation. In visual representations, Germania wears a crown of oak leaves, because the German oak stands for heroism.
The importance of the way in which they were portrayed was to remind the public of their national symbols of unity and to persuade them to identify with them.
Q 22 – Discuss the Salt March to make clear why it was an effective symbol of resistance against colonialism
Or
How was the history of nationalism in Britain unlike the rest of Europe?
The Salt March was an effective symbol of resistance against colonialism because-
- It was the first time that Indian leaders decided to violate law. People were now asked not only to refuse cooperation with the British, but also to break colonial laws.
- Thousands of Indians in different parts of the country broke the salt law, manufactured salt and demonstrated in front of the government salt factories.
- As the movement spread, foreign cloth was boycotted and liquor shops were picketed. Peasants refused to pay revenue and ‘chaukidari taxes’, village officials resigned, and in many places forest people violated forest laws – going into Reserved Forests to collect wood and graze cattle.
- Worried by the development, the colonial government began arresting the Congress leaders, one by one. This led to violent clashes in many places. Angry crowd demonstrated in the streets, facing armoured cars and police firing. Many were killed.
- When Mahatma Gandhi himself was arrested, industrial workers in Sholapur attacked police posts, municipal buildings, law courts and railway stations – all structures that symbolised the British rule.
- The outcome of the movement was the Gandhi-Irwin Pact which was signed by Gandhiji with Irwin on 5th March, 1931. By this Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Gandhiji consented to participate in a Round Table Conference in London and the government agreed to release the political prisoners.
or
In Britain, the formation of the nation-state was not the result of a sudden upheaval or revolution. It was the result of a long-drawn-out process. There was no British nation prior to the eighteenth century. The primary identities of the people who inhabited the British Isles were ethnic ones – such as English, Welsh, Scot or Irish. All of these ethnic groups had their own cultural and political traditions. But as the English nation steadily grew in wealth, importance and power, it was able to extend its influence over the other nations of the islands. The English parliament, which had seized power from the monarchy in 1688 at the end of a protracted conflict, was the instrument through which a nation-state, with England at its centre, came to be forged.
The Act of Union (1707) between England and Scotland that resulted in the formation of the ‘United Kingdom of Great Britain’ meant, in effect, that England was able to impose its influence on Scotland. The British parliament was henceforth dominated by its English members. The growth of a British identity meant that Scotland’s distinctive culture and political institutions were systematically suppressed. The Catholic clans that inhabited the Scottish Highlands suffered terrible repression whenever they attempted to assert their independence. The Scottish Highlanders were forbidden to speak their Gaelic language or wear their national dress, and large numbers were forcibly driven out of their homeland.