Q 1 –What is the present location of Supreme Court of India?
Ans. Supreme Court of India is presently located at Tilak Marg, New Delhi.
Q 2 – When did the Supreme Court devise the mechanism of PIL?
Ans. The Supreme Court devised the mechanism of Public Interest Litigation in 1980.
Q 3 – State the levels of court in our country.
Ans. There are three different levels of courts in our country.
Q 4 – What is meant by the term ‘Acquit?
Ans. This refers to the court declaring that a person is not guilty of the crime which he/she was tried for by the court.
Q 5 – Write few example of the criminal law.
Ans. Theft, harassing a woman to bring more dowry, murder, etc.
Q 6– What is the full form of PIL?
Ans. Public Interest Litigation
Q 7 – What is the full form of FIR?
Ans. First Investigation Report.
Q 8 – Name the three Presidency cities in which High Courts were first established
Ans. High Courts were first established in the three Presidency cities of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras in 1862
Q 9 – Is Indian judiciary is dependent or independent?
Ans. Indian Judiciary is independent
Q 10 – Write any one aspect of the independent judiciary.
Ans. The main aspect of Independent Judiciary is no influence of others.
Q 11 – How many levels of court are there in India?
Ans. There are 3 different level of courts in the country.
Q 12 – Which court is at the open level?
Ans. The Supreme court of India.
Q 13 – Which is the Apex Court of any state?
Ans. The High court of that state.
Q 14 – What is the meaning of integrated judicial system in respect to India?
Ans. It means that the decisions made by higher courts are binding on the lower courts.
Q 15 – Where does a person can appeal if they believe that decisions are made by the lower court is not just?
Ans. A person can appeal to a higher court if they believe that the judgement passed by the lower court is not just.
Q 16 – What is meant by compensation?
Ans. This refers to the money given to make amends for an injury or loss.
Q 17 – In which year was the PIL mechanism was devised by the Supreme court?
Ans . In 1980.
Q 18 – Which law deals with conduct or acts that the law defined as offences?
Ans. Criminal law.
Q 19 – When was the Supreme court was established in India?
Ans. The Supreme court was established on 26th Jan 1950 the day India became a Republic.
Q 20 – What dopes FIR stands for?
Ans. It stands for First investigation report.
Q 21 – State the basic difference b/w criminal law and civil law.
Ans. The basic difference is:
Criminal law: Deals with conduct or acts that the law defines as offences. For example, theft, harassing a woman to bring more dowry, murder.
Civil law: Deals with any harm or injury to rights of individuals. For example, disputes relating to sale of land, purchase of goods, rent matters, divorce cases.
Q 22 – How does the Supreme Court ensure the protection of Fundamental Rights.
Ans. Independence of judiciary allows the court to ensure the proper functioning of executive and legislature. It also plays a crucial role in protecting the undamental Rights of citizens because anyone can approach the courts if they believe that their rights have been violated.
Q 23– What role does separation of power play in making independence of judiciary successful?
Ans. One of the aspect of this independence is the separation of power which is the key feature of the Constitution and this means that other branches of the state
like the legislature and the executive – cannot interfere in the work of the judiciary. The courts are not under the government and do not act on their behalf.
Q 24 – What happened in the case ‘Paschim Banga Khet Mazdoor Samity vs State of West Bengal’ (1996)?
Ans. Hakim Sheikh, an agricultural labourer, who fell from a running train and injured himself and whose condition got worse because several hospitals refused to admit him. On this Supreme Court directed the West Bengal government to pay him compensation for the loss suffered as well as to come up with a blueprint for primary health care with particular reference to treatment of patients during an emergency.
Q 25 – What is Judicial Review?
Ans. As the final interpreter of the Constitution, the judiciary also has the power to strike down particular laws passed by the Parliament if it believes that these are a violation of the basic structure of the Constitution. This is called Judicial Review
Q 26 – What type of issues are handled by the courts of India. Describe work of judiciary in brief.
Ans. Courts in India take decisions on a very large number of issues. They can decide whether teacher can beat a student, or about the sharing of river water between states, or they can punish people for particular crimes. The work of the judiciary can be divided into the following:
- Dispute Resolution: The judicial system provides a mechanism for resolving disputes between citizens, between citizens and the government, between two state governments and between the centre and state governments.
- Judicial Review: As final interpreter of the Constitution, the judiciary also has the power to strike down particular laws passed by the Parliament if it believes that these laws are a violation of the basic structure of the Constitution. This is called the Judicial Review.
- Upholding the law and Enforcing Fundamental Rights: Every citizen of India can approach the Supreme Court or High Court if they believe that their Fundamental Rights have been violated.
Q 27 – The removal of persons from land or homes that they are currently living it is called
(a) violation
(b) eviction
(c) separation of power
(d) judiciary
Ans. (b) eviction
Q 28 – Which article states the fundamental Right to Life guaranteed the right to food?
(a) Article 21
(b) Article 23
(c) Article 25
(d) Article 20
Ans. (a) Article 21
Q 29 – What is referred to as the supreme law of the land?
(a) Constitution
(b) Preamble
(c) Assembly
(d) None of these
Ans. (a) Constitution
Q 30 – Name the only Union Territory which has a High Court of its own?
(a) Pondicherry
(b) Delhi
(c) Chandigarh
(d) Daman and Diu
Ans. (b) Delhi
Q 31 – Judiciary in India resolves the disputes between
(a) State and State
(b) State and Citizen
(c) Citizen and Citizen
(d) All the above
Ans. (d) All the above
Q 32 – What is the full form of PIL?
(a) Public Interest limited
(b) Public Interference Limited
(c) Public Interest litigation
(d) None of these
Ans. (c) Public Interest litigation
Q 33 – Unsatisfied from which court an individual go to the Supreme Court?
(a) Lok Adalats
(b) Nyaya Panchayats
(c) High Court
(d) District Court
Ans. (c) High Court
Q 34 – In which age judge of the High Court get retired?
(a) 62 Years
(b) 65 Years
(c) 60 Years
(d) 64 Years
Ans. (a) 62 Years
Q 35 – What is rule of law?
(a) Rich people are superior to other
(b) Low caste people are inferior
(c) All are same before law
(d) None of these
Ans. (c) All are same before law
Q 36 – In which year PUCL filed the PIL in the Supreme Court against government for the food short-age?
(a) 2000
(b) 2001
(c) 2003
(d) 2002
Ans. (b) 2001
Q 37 – Who is the final interpreter of our Constitution?
(a) Judiciary
(b) Government
(c) Executive
(d) Legislative
Ans. (a) Judiciary
Q 38 – Which is the foremost judicial body of our country?
(a) Supreme Court
(b) High court
(c) Lok Adalat
(d) None of these
Ans. (a) Supreme Court
Q 39 – How many high courts are in India?
(a) 21 High Courts
(b) 25 High Courts
(c) 26 High Courts
(d) 27 High Courts
Ans. (a) 21 High Courts
Q 40 – What provisions are provided to ensure the independence of the judiciary in India?
(a) The Parliament can give judgment in criminal cases.
(b) The judges can be easily removed.
(c) Our Constitution has various provisions
(d) The executive can overrule the judgment given by the Supreme/High courts.
Ans. (c) Our Constitution has various provisions The idea of the Public Interest
Q 41 – Litigation was given by whom?
(a) President of India
(b) Prime Minister of India
(c) Supreme Court of India
(d) Parliament
Ans. (c) Supreme Court of India
Q 42 – Where were High Courts first established and when?
Ans. High Courts were first established in the three Presidency cities of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras in 1962
Q 43 – What do you mean by ‘judicial review’?
Ans. Judicial review means judiciary has the power to strike down particular laws passed by the Parliament if it finds they don’t adhere to Constitution
Q 44 – What do you mean when you say ‘we have an integrated judicial system’?
Ans . It means that the decisions made by higher courts are binding on the lower courts
Q 45 – What do you mean by the appellate system?
Ans. It means that a person can appeal to a higher court if they are not satisfied with the judgement of the lower court.
Q 66 – Where the seven north-east states have a common High Court located?
Ans. It is located at Guwahati.
Q 47 – How many judges are there in the Supreme Court?
Ans. There are 26 judges in the Supreme Court.
Q 48 – What do you mean when you say ‘we have an intergrated judicial system’?
Ans. It means that the decisions made by higher courts are binding on the lower courts.
Q 49 – What does the criminal law deal with?
Ans. Criminal law deals with conduct or acts that the law defines as offences. For example, theft, harassing a woman to bring more dowry, murder
Q 50 – What are appellate cases?
Ans. Appellate cases are appeals against the judgments of the High Courts. As the highest judicial authority the Supreme Court has the power to review the decisions of the High Courts and give its own judgments.
Q 51 – In which Article of the Constitution is the Fundamental Right to Life guaranteed?
Ans. The Fundamental Right to Life is guaranteed in Article 21 of the Constitution
Q 52 – What is an independent judiciary? Explain in brief
Ans. The Indian Constitution provides for the independence of the judiciary. It means that other branches of the State such as the legislature and the executive cannot interfere in the work of the judiciary. The courts are not under the government and do not act on their behalf. The courts ensure that there is no misuse of power of the legislature and the executive. Anyone can approach the courts if they find that their Fundamental Rights have been violated. Thus, the courts are not influenced by anyone, not even by the rich and powerful people.
Q 53 – What is a Judicial System? What is its role in dispute resolution?
Ans. A judicial system is a mechanism of courts that a citizen can approach when a law is violated. It plays a very significant role in resolving dispute between:
(i) citizens
(ii) citizens and the government
(iii) two state governments
(iv) the centre and state governments
Q 54 – Mention three different levels of courts in our country
Ans. Three different levels of court in our country are:
• Subordinate or district courts.
• High Court in each state.
• The Supreme Court at the apex level is located in New Delhi.
Q 55 – Write a brief note on ‘Public Interest Litigation.’
Ans. Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is a mechanism devised by the Supreme Court of India in the early 1980s to increase access to justice. Under this mechanism, any individual or organization is allowed to file a PIL in the High Court or the Supreme Court on behalf of those whose rights are being violated. The legal process that it involves is very simple. Even a letter or telegram
addressed to the Supreme Court or the High Court can be treated as a PIL. Thus, PIL plays a very significant role in facilitating justice.
Q 56 – How is the work of the judiciary categorised?
Ans. The Judiciary comprises of courts that take decisions on a very large number of issues. The work of the judiciary can be divided into 3 categories, namely Dispute Resolution, Judicial Review and upholding the Law and Enforcing Fundamental Rights
Q 57 – What does judiciary mean?
Ans. In law, the judiciary or judicial system is the system of courts which administers justice in the name of the state. It is the mechanism for the resolution of disputes and pronouncement of punishment. As an organ of the State, the judiciary plays a crucial role in the functioning of India’s democracy
Q 58 – What are the main functions of the Indian judiciary?
Ans. The main functions of the Indian judiciary are:
• Dispute resolution
• Judicial review
• Upholding the law and enforcing Fundamental Rights.
Q 59 – In principle, the courts are accessible to all. But what happens in reality?
Ans. In principle, every citizen has a right to justice through the courts. Here, it is worth mentioning that the courts play a very significant role in protecting our Fundamental Rights. If any citizen finds that their Fundamental Rights are violated, they can approach the court. But things are not the same in reality. Access to courts has always been tough for the poor. These people do not dare to go to court because they know that the legal procedures are very lengthy and complicated and involve a lot of money
Q 60 – Describe Sudha Goel case. What judgements were given by different courts in this case?
Ans. In February 1980, Sudha Goel got married to Laxman Kumar. She began to live in her husband‘s flat in Delhi with him and other members of his family. On 2 December 1980. Sudha died in hospital due to burns. Her family filed a case in court. When this case was heard in the Trial Court, four of her neighbours were called in as witnesses. These witnesses stated that Sudha had been subjected to torture by her in-laws and that they were demanding more cash, a scooter and a fridge on the birth of the first child. But Laxman and his mother told another story. According to them, Sudha’s sari had accidentally caught fire while she washeating milk. On the basis of this and another evidence, the Trial Court convicted Laxman, his mother and his brother-in-law and sentenced all three of them to death.
In November 1982, the three accused went to the High Court to appeal against this verdict of the Trial Court. The High Court acquitted all the three accused. In 1985, the Supreme Court heard the appeal against the acquittal of Laxman and the two members of his family. The apex court found Laxman and his mother guilty and acquitted the brother-in-law due lack of evidence against him. The Supreme Court decided to send the accused to prison for life.