Q 1 – What does the population pyramid tell about dependents of a country?
Ans. The population pyramid tells us how many dependents are there in a country. There are two dependents – young and elderly ependents.
Q 2 – What could be an interesting way of studying the population composition of a country?
Ans. An interesting way of studying the population composition of a country is by looking at the population pyramid, also called an age-sex pyramid.
Q 3 – How crowded a country is, has little to do with its level of economic development. Give example to show its validity?
Ans. For example, both Bangladesh and Japan are very densely populated but Japan is far more economically developed than Bangladesh. This is the perfect example for the above’s validity.
Q 4 – Define immigration.
Ans. When a person enters a new country it is termed as immigration.
Q 5 – What does Emigrations mean?
Ans. Emigration means when a person leaves a country.
Q 6 – What is the general trend of international migration?
Ans The general trend of international migration is from the less developed nations to the more developed nations in search of better employment opportunities.
Q 7 – Who are the Emigrants?
Ans The emigrants are the people who leave a country.
Q 8 – What is the meaning of population Density?
Ans. Population density is the number of people living in a unit area of the earth’s surface.
Q 9 – Which is the ultimate resource?
Ans. Human Resource.
Q 10 – Which of the two continents are there in which almost 3 quarters of the world’s people live?
Ans. Asia and Africa
Q 11 – What does industrial area provide?
Ans. It provides employment opportunities.
Q 12 – What is the most preferable topography for humans?
Ans. Plains
Q 13 – Which area of the world has a sparse population when it comes to water availability?
Ans. Deserts.
Q 14 – What led the people to settle in South Africa.
Ans. Diamond mines of South Africa.
Q 15 – In which year did the world’s population reached 3 billion?
Ans. In 1959.
Q 16 – What was the world’s population in 1804?
Ans. The world’s population reached one billion.
Q 17 – Why is the population growth slow in the countries like the United Kingdom?
Ans. Because of both low death and low birth rates.
Q 18 – What is meant by the term population density and what is the average density of population in the whole world and in India?
Ans. Population density is the number of people living in a unit area of the earth’s surface. It is normally expressed as per sq km. The average density of population in the whole world is 51 persons per sq km. and the average density of population in India is 382 persons sq km. South Central Asia has the highest density of population.
Q 19 – How can we say that people’s are the nation’s greatest resources and human resource is the ultimate resource?
Ans. People are the nation’s greatest resources as nature’s bounty becomes significant only when people find it useful. It is people with their demands and abilities that turn, them into resources. Hence, human resource is the ultimate resource. Healthy, educated, and motivated people develop resources as per their requirements.
Q 20 – What do you know about Human Resource Development (HRD) ministry under the government of India?
Ans. The Government of India has a ministry of Human Resource Development. The Ministry was created in 1985 with an aim to develop people’s skills. This just shows how important people are as a resource for the country.
Q 21 – What do you mean by the pattern of population distribution? How is the world population distributed?
Ans. The way in which people are spread across the earth’s surface is known as the pattern of population distribution. More than 90% of the world’s population lives in about 30 percent of the land’s surface. The distribution of the world population is extremely uneven.
Q 22 – Define the following:
- Birthrate
- Death rate
- Migrations
- Life expectancy
Ans. Birth Rate: Births are usually measured using the birth rate, i.e. the number of live births per 1,000 people.
Death Rate: Deaths are usually measured using the death rate, i.e. the number of deaths per 1,000 people.
Migrations: It is the movement of people in and out of an area.
Life expectancy: It is the number of years that an average person can expect to live
Q 23 – Define population change. How do the following factors affect the distribution of population?
(i) Topograph
(ii) Climate
(iii) Soil
(iv) Water
(v) Minerals.
Ans. Population change refers to a change in the number of people during a specific time. The world population has not been stable.
This is how the following factors affect the distribution of population
- Topography: People always prefer to live on plains rather than mountains and plateaus because these areas are suitable for farming, manufacturing, and service activities.
- Climate: People usually avoid extreme climates that are very hot or very cold.
- Soil: Fertile soils provide suitable land for agriculture. Fertile plains are densely populated around different parts of the world.
- Water: People prefer to live in areas where fresh water is easily available. The river valleys of the world are densely populated while deserts have spare population.
- Minerals: Areas with mineral deposits are more populated.
Q 24 – Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions:
Question 1.
(i) When does the population increase?
(ii) When does the condition of steady population arise?
(iii) When does the population decrease?
Ans. (i) When birth rate is more than death rate.
(ii) When birth rate and death rate both stay the same.
(iii) When death rate is more than birth date.
Q 25 – Map Skills Class 8 Geography Chapter 6 Human Resource
Mark the Annual rates if natural increase in the following colours.
(i) High (2 – 2.9%) – with red colour.
(ii) 0 or decreases – with green colour
Ans.
Q 26 – What is population study known as?
Ans. Population study is known as demography.
Q 27– Why is population study essential?
Ans. Population studies are essential for the government to plan areas such as health, education, housing, social security, employment, and environmental preservation
Q 28 – Sixty percent of the world’s people stay in just 10 countries. Name the countries with the percentage of the world population.
Ans. 10 countries with the maximum population in the world:-‘
| China: | 20% of the world population |
| India: | 17% |
| United States: | 4.6% |
| Indonesia: | 3.5% |
| Brazil: | 2.8% |
| Pakistan: | 2.5% |
| Bangladesh: | 2.3% |
| Russia: | 2.2% |
| Nigeria: | 2.1% |
| Japan: | 2.0% |
Q 29 What is population density?
Ans. Population density refers to the number of people per square kilometer of land area.
The average density of population in the whole world is 45 persons per square km.
Q 30 What is the average density of population in India?
Ans. The average density of population in India is 324 persons per square km.
Q 31 What are the different characteristics of population composition?
Ans.
- Population compositions are usually formulated for the following characteristics:-
- Population Composition of age and sex
- Population composition of Primary School Age children going to school
- Population composition of Primary School Age children not going to school
- Population composition of Occupation
Q 32 How does topography affect the distribution of population?
Ans. People always prefer to live on plains rather than mountains and plateaus, because plains are suitable for farming, manufacturing and service activities. The Ganga plains are the most densely populated areas of the world while mountains like Andes, Alps and Himalayas are sparsely populated.
Q 33 Differentiate between ‘emigrants’ and ‘immigrants’.
Ans. Emigrants are people who leave a country; Immigrants are those who arrive in a country.
Q 34 Why is population growth slowing in united Kingdoms?
Ans. Population growth is slowing in United Kingdoms because of both low death and low birth rates.
Q 35 What is the average density of population in the whole world?
Ans. The average density of population in the whole world is 51 persons per square km
Q 36 In what respects do different human beings differ?
Ans Human beings differ from each other in age, sex, education, ethnicity, culture, physical and mental strength, etc.
Q 37 How does climate affect the population distribution of an area?
Ans. People prefer to live in regions with a moderate climate, and not places of the extreme cold and hot climate. So moderate climate regions are densely populated
Q 38 What is called the natural growth rate?
Ans. The difference between the birth rate and death rate of a county is called the natural growth rate.
Q 39 What is life expectancy?
Ans. Life expectancy is the number of years an average person can expect to live, based on data.
Q 40 What is known as the pattern population distribution?
Ans. The way in which people are spread across the earth’s surface is known as the pattern of population distribution.
Q 41 What is an age-sex pyramid?
Ans. An age-sex pyramid is a graph showing the number of males and females under certain defined age groups.
Q 42 What is the general trend of migrations from one country to another? Why is it so?
Ans. Generally, people migrate from less developed countries to more developed ones. This is done for better employment opportunities and other facilities
Q 43 Describe how the population of the world has grown in history. What has caused the population explosion?
Ans. The world population grew steadily initially. It reached a billion in the year 1820. But the next two billion were added in just a hundred and fifty years. By 1970 the population was 3 billion. In the next 29 years, i.e. by the year 1999, the population had doubled to 6 billion. The population explosion has been mainly caused by the growth in medical facilities, which has decreased the death rate by a large extent
Q 44 How do the topography and climate of a place affect the distribution of population?
Ans. Both factors immediately affect the distribution of the population. People prefer favorable conditions for farming, manufacturing, and service activities. For example, the Ganga plains are the most densely populated areas of the world. On the other hand, mountains and plateaus do not provide these. For example, the Himalayas where people do not like to live and therefore these areas are sparsely populated. Thus, the topography of a place matters a lot in human settlement. So far the climate of a place is concerned people usually avoid extreme climates, i.e. very hot or very cold. For example, Sahara desert, polar regions of Russia, Canada and Antarctica are thinly populated
Q 45 Describe how various factors affect population distribution.
Ans. Topography, favorable climate, fertility of soils, availability of fresh water, minerals are major geographical factors affecting the population density of a region. People prefer to live on plains more than mountains or plateaus and they live more in moderate climates than extreme hot or cold. From the agricultural point of view, fertile lands are preferred. Areas with mineral deposits are more populated. Some social factors that boost the density of population in a region are better housing, education, and health facilities. Places with cultural or historical significance are usually populated. Employment opportunities are another attraction for large chunks of the population
Q 46 Why was the total increase in the world’s population very slow till the 1800s?
Ans. For a very long period of human history, until the 1800s, the population of the world grew steadily but slowly. This was because the birth rate and death rate were almost the same. A large number of babies were born, but they died earlier too. This happened as a result of poor health facilities. Sufficient food was also not available for all the people. Farmers were not able to produce enough to meet the food requirements of all the people. Thus, the non-availability of medical facilities and sufficient food kept the world’s population steady till the 1800s.
Q 47 What are the factors affecting the population change in a region?
Ans. Factors affecting the population change in a region are birth rate, death rate, and migrations. The birth rate is a statistic that measures the number of live births per 1000 people. The death rate is a statistic that measures the number of deaths per 1000 people. Along with the birth and death rates, another factor affecting population change is migration. Migration refers to the movement of people from one area to another. People leaving a country are called emigrants and the phenomenon is called emigration. People arriving in a country are called immigrants and the phenomenon is called immigration.
Q 48 What is the general trend of migration? Mention the factors that cause population change.
Ans. The general trend of migrations is from the less developed nations to the more developed nations in search of better employment opportunities. Within countries, a large number of people move from rural to urban areas in search of employment, education, and health facilities Factors that cause population change are births, deaths, and migrations. Births are usually measured using the birth rate, i.e. the number of live birth per 1,000 people. Death is usually measured using the death rate, i.e., the number of deaths per 1,000 people. Births and
deaths are natural causes of population change. Migration is another way by which population the size of changes. People may move within a country or between countries. Countries like the USA and Australia have gained in numbers by immigration. Sudan is a country that has experienced a loss of population numbers due to emigration.
Q 49 Discuss the population pyramid of Kenya.
Or
Why population pyramid of Kenya is broad at the base and narrow at the top?
Ans. The population pyramid of a country in which birth and death rates both are high is broad at the base and rapidly narrows towards the top. This is because although, many children are born, a large percentage of them die in their infancy, relatively few become adults and there are very few old people. This situation is represented by the pyramid shown for Kenya.
Q 50 What does the shape of a population pyramid of India indicate?
Or
Describe the population pyramid of India
Ans. In countries where death rates (especially amongst the very young) are decreasing, the pyramid is broad in the younger age groups, because more infants survive to adulthood. This can be seen in the pyramid for India. Such populations contain a relatively large number of young people and which means a strong and expanding labour force.
