Q 1 – What is sanctuary?
Ans. An area where animals are protected from any disturbance to them and their habitat is called a – sanctuary.
Q 2 – Name the major threat to the survival of organisms.
Ans. Deforestation
Q 3 – Write the names of some parks and sanctuaries.
Ans. Dudhwa National Park, Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, Kaziranga National Park, Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary, etc.
Q 4 – Write two natural causes of deforestation.
Ans.
- Severe droughts
- Forest fires
Q 5 – Give examples of flora.
Ans. Teak, sal, mango, jamun, arjun, etc.
Q 6 – Give examples of fauna.
Ans. Elephant, tiger, wild bear, etc.
Q 7 – Name two endemic fauna.
Ans. Giant squirrel, bison
Q 8 – Name some forest products.
Ans. Paper, wood, timber, vegetables, fruits, rubber, etc.
Q 9 – What is the name of the reserved land used to protect biodiversity?
Ans. Biosphere Reserve
Q 10 – Name the first Reserve Forest of India.
Ans. Satpura National Park
Q 11 – Name products obtained from animals for which they are hunted.
Ans. Skin, fur, horn, eggs, flesh, etc
Q 12 – Does soil erosion affect the fertility of soil?
Ans. Yes
Q 13 – List the names of some migratory birds.
Ans.
- Siberian crane
- Bar-headed goose
- Arctic tern
- Surkhab
Q 14 – Write the names of some extinct animals.
Ans. Dodo, dinosaurs, mammoth, etc.
Q 15 – When was Project Tiger launched?
Ans. April 1, 1973
Q 16 – How many rock shelters are there in Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve?
Ans. 55
Q 17 – Name two wildlife sanctuaries present in Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve.
Ans. Pachmarhi, Bori
Q 18 – What is the plantation of new plants called?
Ans. Reforestation
Q 19 – What is a zoo?
Ans. A place where animals receive protection is called a zoo.
Q 20 – Name one reason owing to which birds migrate.
Ans. For breeding
Q 21 – What do you mean by deforestation?
Ans. The cutting of trees on a large scale is called deforestation.
Q 22 – Define national park.
Ans. A national park is an area reserved for wildlife where they can freely use their habitats and natural resources.
Q 23 – What is flora?
Ans. The plant species found in a particular area are called flora.
Q 24 – What are fauna?
Ans. The animal species found in a particular area are called fauna.
Q 25 – What do you mean by species?
Ans. A species is a group of populations that are capable of interbreeding.
Q 26 – What is Satpura Tiger Reserve?
Ans. It is a Project Tiger which was launched by the government in the country to protect the tigers.
Q 27 – What are endangered animals?
Ans. The animals whose numbers are diminishing to such a level that they might face extinction are known as ‘endangered animals.’
Q 28 – Define ‘Red Data Book.’
Ans. A book that keeps records of all the endangered plant and animal species is called a Red Data Book.
Q 29 – Mention the causes of deforestation.
Ans. The cause of deforestation could be:
- Forest fires
- Building houses, factories
- Severe droughts
- Using wood for some purposes
- Human encroachment and procuring land for cultivation
Q 30 – What do you mean by desertification?
Ans. The conversion of fertile land into deserts is called desertification.
Q 31 – How does deforestation lead to frequent floods and droughts?
Ans. Deforestation results in decreased water holding capacity of the soil. This reduces the infiltration of water into the ground which causes floods. On the other hand, deforestation leads to a higher level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere which causes global warming. The scarcity of trees disturbs the water cycle and may reduce rainfall leading to droughts.
Q 32 – Explain how deforestation associated with global warming.
Ans. Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere for photosynthesis. Deforestation results in a decreased number of trees leading to the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere traps heat rays reflected by the earth which results in global warming.
Q 33 – Why does it matter if a species go extinct?
Ans. When a species goes extinct, with it the whole food web gets disturbed due to inter-relationship and interaction between organisms. The species of organisms that might have been dependent on the extinct species for food may also get extinct due to starvation until they get an alternate option. If the dependent species shift its choice of food on another species then there might be a competition for food with other species. Thus, in a nutshell, an extinct species affect the whole ecosystem.
Q 34 – Can a forest regenerate naturally in a short period of time?
Ans. No, a forest takes a very long time for its growth and survival.
Q 35 – Many people in the world find it a status symbol of wearing and keeping leather clothes and leather articles with them. Even Shahtoosh shawls made of an endangered species of antelope are also in greater demand and highly-priced.
- Do you think we must use leather items for just show off?
- What is endangered species?
- Can you name an extinct species which was exploited for its meat?
- What values of people are shown in above paragraph?
Ans.
- No
- A species which is at higher risk of getting extinct is known as endangered species.
- Dodo
- They are class conscious, selfish, irresponsible to nature, cruel, etc.
Q 36 – Is it justified to prevent tribals from staying in the core area of the forest? Discuss the matter in your class and note down the points for and against the motion in your notebook.
Ans.
- In favor of the motion: Yes, tribals must be prevented from staying in the core area of the forest because they will use most of the forest resources for their benefit. Their activities in a forest may disturb wild animals. Cutting of trees by them may lead to habitat loss of animals. Their invasions in forests may scare wild animals out of the forest. They can hunt wild animals for their benefit.
- In against of motion: No, because tribals living near a forest area depends on various forest resources for their basic needs. They are poor. If they are dislocated then where will they go? They can play a major role in sustainable use of forest resources and its development. They can also be a part of controlling poachers and hunters from entering forests. They could be given jobs in forest in maintaining flora and fauna of the forest.
Q 37 – Make a list of various uses of papers. Observe currency notes carefully. Do you find any difference between currency paper and paper in your notebook? Find out where currency paper is made.
Ans. Papers are used in making newspapers, magazines, books, toys, paper lanterns, wrapping gifts, stuffing packages, gift bags, toilet paper, paper towels, etc.
Normal paper that you use on a day-to-day basis is made from the cellulose found in trees. The paper used for currency notes, on the other hand, is made from cotton and linen fibers. This kind of paper is known as rag paper and it does not disintegrate easily. The paper used for money is squeezed with thousands of pounds of pressure during the printing process.
Currency notes are printed at the Currency Note Press in Nashik, the Bank Note Press in Dewas, the Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran (P) Ltd at Salboni and Mysore, and at the Watermark Paper Manufacturing Mill in Hoshangabad. The current series of banknotes (which began in 1996) is known as the Mahatma Gandhi series.