India After Independence For Class 8 History Important Questions Answer

Ans.(d) 1959

Ans. (b) Preference to Hindu Religion

Ans. (a) on August 15,2007

Ans. (c) imposition of Urdu on Bengali speaking population of the east

Ans. (b) 1945

Ans. (d) Up to October 31, 1956

Ans. (c) To coincide with the 20th anniversary of the celebration of the Independence day at the Lahore session of the Congress under Nehru

Ans. (b) On 1st October 1953

Ans. (a) On 30th January

Ans. (b) Nathuram Godse

Ans.  (b) 1966

Ans.  (c) On the basis of the language spoken

Ans. (c) Soviet Union

Ans. (b) All Indians above the age of 21 would be allowed to vote.

Ans. (a) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

Ans. (b) T T Krishnamachari

Ans. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (1891 – 1956) was respectfully referred to as Babasaheb, he belonged to a Marathi speaking dalit ‘Mahar’ community family. He was a lawyer and economist, he was best known as a revered leader of the dalits and the father of the Indian Constitution.

Ans. After independence also vast majority of Indians lived in villages. Farmers and peasants depended on the monsoon for their survival. So did the non-farm sector of rural economy and if the crops failed due to any reason the barbers, carpenters, weavers and other services groups were not paid. In cities, factory workers lived in crowded slums with little access to education or health care. New nation got challenge for lifting its masses out of poverty by increasing productivity of agriculture and job creation.

Ans. After the creation of Andhra Pradesh other linguistic communities also demanded their own separate states. A state Reorganisation Commission was set up, which submitted its report in 1956, recommending the redrawing of district and provincial boundaries to form compact provinces of Assamese, Bengali, Oriya, Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada and Telugu speakers respectively.

The large Hindi-speaking region of North India was broken up into several states. A little later, in 1960, the bilingual state of Bombay was divided into sperate states of Marathi and Gujarati speakers.

In 1966, the state of Punjab was also divided into Punjab and Haryana, the former for the Punjabi speakers (who were also mostly Sikhs), the latter for the rest (who not spoke Punjabis but versions of Haryanvi and Hindi).

Ans. Many Indians contributed to the framing of the Constitution. But perhaps the most important role was played by B.R. Ambedkar, who was chairman of the drafting committee, and under whose supervision the document was finalized.

In his final speech to the constituent assembly, Dr Ambedkar pointed out that political democracy had to be accompanied by economic and social democracy. Giving the right to vote not automatically lead to the removal of other inequalities such as between rich and poor, or between upper and lower castes.

Ans.

1. The pictures show Jawaharlal Nehru introducing the resolution of the Constitution.
2. The resolution outlined the objectives of the Constitution.

Ans.

1. The picture shows the Mahatma Gandhi’s ashes being immersed in Allahabad, February 1948.
2. Gandhi was assassinated by a fanatic, Nathuram Godse

Ans.

1. It is built on the Chambal river in Madhya Pradesh.
2. It was completed in 1960.

Ans. The Constitution of India provides for a division of powers between the Union (Centre) and states. It divides all the subjects into 3 lists: a Union List, with subjects such as taxes, defence and foreign affairs, which would be the exclusive responsibility of the Centre; a State List of subjects, such as education and health, which would be taken care of principally by the states; a Concurrent List, under which would come subjects such as forests and agriculture, in which the Centre and the states would have joint responsibility

Ans. The problems were:

• India’s population in 1947 was large, almost 345 million. It was also divided. There were divisions between high castes and low castes, between the majority Hindu community and Indians who practised other faiths.
• The citizens of this vast land spoke many different languages, wore many different kinds of dress, ate different kinds of food and practised different professions

Ans. Back in the 1920s, the Indian National Congress had promised that once the country won independence, each major linguistic group would have its own province. However, after independence the Congress did not take any steps to honour this promise. There was a reason for this. India had been divided on the basis of religion. As a result of the partition of India, more than a million people had been killed in riots between Hindus and Muslims. Country could not afford further divisions on the basis of language. Both Prime Minister Nehru and Deputy Prime Minister Vallabhbhai Patel were against the creation of linguistic states.

Ans. It offered special privileges for the poorest and most disadvantaged Indians.

• The practice of untouchability was abolished.
• Hindu temples, previously open to only the higher castes, were thrown open to all, including the former untouchables.
• A certain percentage of seats in legislatures as well as jobs in government be reserved for members of the lowest castes.
• Along with the former Untouchables, the adivasis or Scheduled Tribes were also granted reservation in seats and jobs.

Ans. Many members believed that the English language should leave India with the British rulers. Its place, they argued, should be taken by Hindi. However, those who did not speak Hindi were of a different opinion. Speaking in the Assembly, T.T. Krishnamachari conveyed “a warning on behalf of people of the South”, some of whom threatened to separate from India if Hindi was imposed on them. A compromise was finally arrived at: namely, that while Hindi would be the “official language” of India, English would be used in the courts, the services, and communications between one state and another.

Ans. The Kannada speakers, Malayalam speakers, the Marathi speakers, had all looked forward to having their own state. The strongest protests, however, came from the Telugu-speaking districts of what was the Madras Presidency. When Nehru went to campaign there during the general elections of 1952, he was met with black flags and slogans demanding “We want Andhra”. In October of that year, a veteran Gandhian named Potti Sriramulu went on a hunger fast demanding the formation of Andhra state to protect the interests of Telugu speakers. As the fast went on, it attracted much support.

Hartals and bandhs were observed in many towns. On 15 December 1952, fifty-eight days into his fast, Potti Sriramulu died. The protests were so widespread and intense that the central government was forced to give in to the demand. Thus, on 1 October 1953, the new state of Andhra Pradesh came into being.

Ans. The economic development of India in the early decades after Independence:

• In 1950, the government set up a Planning Commission to help design and execute suitable policies for economic development.
• There was a broad agreement on what was called a “mixed economy” model. Here, both the State and the private sector would play important and complementary roles in increasing production and generating jobs.
• It was on Planning Commission to define which industries should be initiated by the state and which by the market, how to achieve a balance between the different regions and states.
• In 1956, the Second Five Year Plan was formulated. This focused strongly on the development of heavy industries such as steel, and on the building of large dams. These sectors would be under the control of the State. This focus on heavy industry, and the effort at state regulation of the economy was to guide economic policy for the
  next few decades.

Ans. One feature of the Constitution was its adoption of universal adult franchise. All Indians above the age of 21 would be allowed to vote in state and national elections. Thism was a revolutionary step – for never before had Indians been allowed to choose their own leaders.

Q 32 – Who was Mira Behn? Find out more about her life and her ideas.

Ans. Madeleine Slade, also known as Mirabehn or Meera Behn, was a British woman who left her home in Britain to live and work with Mohandas Gandhi, the leader of the Indian Independence Movement. She devoted her life to human development and the advancement of Gandhi’s principles. She was the daughter of the British Rear-Admiral Sir Edmond Slade.

Ans. Through this statement in his final speech to the Constituent Assembly, Dr. Ambedkar pointed out that political democracy had to be accompanied by economic and social democracy. Giving the right to vote would not automatically lead to the removal of other inequalities such as between rich and poor, or between upper and lower castes.

Ans. At Independence, the vast majority of Indians lived in the villages. Farmers and peasants depended on the monsoon for their survival. So did the non-farm sector of the rural economy, for if the crops failed, barbers, carpenters, weavers, and other service groups would not get paid for their services either. In the cities, factory workers lived in
crowded slums with little access to education or health care.

Ans. In the Assembly, T.T. Krishnamachari conveyed “a warning on behalf of people of the South”, some of whom threatened to separate from India if Hindi was imposed on them. A compromise was finally arrived at: namely, that while Hindi would be the “official language” of India, English would be used in the courts, the services, and communications between one state and another.