Paths to Modernization For Class 11 History Important Question Answer

Ans. (c) Nishijin

Ans. (a) rich country, strong army

Ans. (c) Jesuit missionaries

Ans. (b) Continued efforts of freedom activists within and outside Korea

Ans.  (c) Koreans protested against a rigged election, which took place in 1960 CE

Ans. (a) The U.S.A.

Ans. (b) It will be helpful to protest against Britain

Ans. (d) He stressed on elimination of CCP.

Ans. (c) She could analyse the situation national and international the best way and took right decisions.

Ans. (c) Thought and their application

Ans. (c) Semi- autonomous state

Ans. (c) Japan wanted to suppress Korean culture and forcibly assimilate Koreans.

Ans.  (c) Yangtse River (Chang Jiang)

Ans. (a) U.S.A.

Ans. (b) Continued efforts of freedom activists within and outside Korea

Ans.  (a) China

Ans.  (a) rich country, strong army

Ans. These were-

1. Kume Kunitake,
2. Marco Polo,
3. Mateo Ricci (Jesuit Priest) and
4. Luis Frois. These were written in Chinese.

Ans. China is a vast continental country while Japan is a string of islands. China is having stable landforms while Japan is a country vulnerable to earthquakes. China has three river systems while Japan has no such drainage system. China has several nationalities i.e. Uighur, Hui, Manchu, and Tibetan but Japan has a single majority of Japanese.

Ans. Chinese food is in variety. Generally, there are four types / of dishes:-

1. Cantonese Cuisine,
2. Staple food like wheat,
3. Fiery Cuisine and
4. Rice and wheat.

Ans.

1. Honshu,
2. Kyushu,
3. Shikoku and
4. Hokkaido

Ans. It is because

1. Silk Industry was developed in Nishijin,
2. Use of money increased,
3. The stock market in rice created,
4. Theatres and movies established,
5. Books were published.

Ans. The news of China’s subordination by the British generated, a wave of fear among the Japanese. They sent some people to Europe to study Imperialism and its strategies.

1. They were ready to adopt
2. Modern military force was developed.
3. The legal system for political groups, public gatherings, and scrutiny of all affairs.
4. Japanese students were sent abroad to develop their technical know-how in the institutions there.
5. Subsidies and tax benefits are given to shipbuilding companies.

Ans.

1. Agriculture tax was imposed for capital-formation.
2. Railway line laid between Tokyo and Yokohama.
3. Textile machinery was imported from Europe and foreign technicians were appointed in order to impart education in technology.
4. Japanese students were sent abroad to develop their technical know-how in the institutions there.
5. Subsidies and tax benefits are given to shipbuilding companies.

Ans.

1. He participated in the Popular Rights Movement in 1880.
2. He was elected member of the first Diet (Parliament).
3. He forced the in charge of The Ashio Mine to use – pollution-control devices in order to protect the Watarase river from pollution.

Ans. It was-

1. No war clause was introduced in state policy,
2. Agriculture will be made a priority area for reclamation and investment,
3. Trade unions will be re-established,
4. The monopoly of Zaibasth or industrial Houses holding control on economy shall be checked,
5. The election shall be held in 1946 with men as well as women voters.

Ans. These were-

1. Whether Party’s strong political control, economic liberalization, and integration into the global market have not generated the virus of inequalities between social groups, between regions, and between men and women resulting in mass tension.
2. Whether heavy emphasis on market and open sanction would not crush the recognition of Chinese culture and manners as well?
3. Whether copying others is not suicidal China should better peep into Confucianism containing and concerned with good conduct, practical and proper social relationship.

Ans. When we see, the children taught by a single teacher, appear with different portfolios in their youth, any society maker should not think that his speech/action and temperament is equally accepted by all the populace amid which he is heard, behaved, and faced. Modernization in western countries should be first studied from electronic and print media and observed with its common reflection on the masses and the thorough cycle of study not less than a decade and situations at one’s home, village, town, and a country worth reminiscence or worth recollection. An introspection and review comparative are then made before framing generalization and riding at the stair of conclusion.

Copying is fatal and suicidal” one should keep in mind or be ready to repent after three or four decades, as it is an inevitable after-effects/strokes.

Ans. Each progress stands on degrees to the existing systems. It depends on the adoption of that change, to what extent observation is made, experiments/trials are done and its generalization X-rayed. Japan is an export country brimmed with actual intellectual property, not pseudo stifling minds, hence, tangible progress of Japan is owed to that intangible property, she had. We can highlight some tangible attitudes of Japan as under-

1. Japan cooked the bread of her modernization program on the heat of Imperial powers galloping and gobbling the sovereignty of countries like China and India, both her neighbors. It was the challenge where she had to make her way to keep its sovereignty intact.
2. It proceeded on sending students abroad, promoting an atmosphere of reading-habits, setting-up up libraries, licensing associations, symposiums, seminars, summits frequently, and allowing the press to come for public awareness.
3. Japanese ancient literature, remains, scriptures, etc. were made subject to the curriculum for schools and colleges.
4. Give special emphasis on industrialization with Research and Development infrastructure made available. Science and technology began to be taught by experts from abroad. Thus, Japan had arranged the men, machines, and means with skilled enterprise, hence, she is duly progressing.

Ans. Existing situations and circumstances-

1. China was under British rule,
2. Japan also had defeated China,
3. Qing dynasty had weakened the control.

Result-Political and Social order failed to keep the masses at ease and with comforts. Situations had taken a toll of several thousand lives in the course of internal (civil) unrest and invasion by foreign powers. Epidemics had further aggravated the pains of the public.

Owing to these circumstances, China could see the light of progress later than Japan.

Inherent Causes-

1. Only literary meaning, not an implication of the doctrines or principles were taken care of.
2. CCP and N.P.P. irrespective of almost equal aims generated internal unrest for several years.
3. The general public took the negative example of colonized countries. They could understand slavery only when the British used Indian soldiers in the opium war with China.
4. China could see reformers like Sun-Yat-Sen, politicians, and revolutionaries like Mao-Zedong (CPP) and Deng Xiaoping only in the nineteenth century.

Ans.

1. It was founded in 1921.
2. Initially, ft followed the organization Comintern propounded by Lenin and Trotsky.
3. Mao-Zedong was the leader of CCP who studied levels of exploitation practiced on the masses in Xunwn and some other places. His base of program was rural.
4. He organized a strong peasant’s council (Soviet) united through confiscation and redistribution of land.
5. Under his leadership, CCP faced NPP boldly and on strong ground. Finally, it was won.
6. CCP fought against foreign rule, carried out land reforms, and took stem action to end warlordism.

Ans. CCP’s founder was Mau-Zedong and other leaders were Liu- Shao-chi and Deng Xiaoping. It was founded in 1921.
NPP’s founder was Sun-Yat-Sen who had to establish the first republic of China. Its other leader was Chiang Kai-Shek.

Activities-C.C.P.-It organized a strong peasant’s council (Soviet) between 1928 to 1934. It stressed the need for an independent government and army. It needed the women’s problems and in order to empower them, he made their associations. It also took causes of child labor and other issues. Under C.C.P, All-China Democratic Women’s Federation and All-China students Federation became popular. This party students Federation became popular. This party won the NPP and Chiang-Kai-Shek had to slide at Taiwan, a territory semi-autonomous under China’s sovereignty. Its leader was Mao Zedong.

Ans. Encounter by Japan-

1. (i) Propagated information on European Imperialism and Colonies formed under that approach.
2. A number of articles written, magazines published, and public awareness was created.
3. Students were sent to Britain, Germany, and France to study politics, ethics, social affairs in those countries.
4. Employed foreign experts for teaching science and technologies in schools and colleges.
5. Took technical know-how on installation and operations in factories in Japan.
6. Slogans like Fukoku Kyohei (rich country, strong army) were sounded among the masses.
7. Created a sense of nationhood among citizens.
8. European system understood consisting of emperor, bureaucracy, and military.

Encounter by Aztecs-

1. They (the Tax clans) fought bravely but massacred by Cortes and his soldiers as Totonacs, an organization, an enemy to the Aztec dynasty but under her rule that time was befriended by Spaniards.
2. Montezuma was god-fearing King of the Aztec dynasty as he took Cortes reincarnation of an exiled god and thought, he had reappeared to take revenge.
3. The King allowed Cortes to enter the capital and gave him grand reception so that he would return without bloodshed but he remained there in months, interfered with the administration, and one day detained him. It ashamed the King and he committed suicide.

Ans. The term “Modern” as defined by Nishitani, a philosopher was composed of crystal of the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, and the rise of natural sciences all western thought.

In my opinion, that scholar was all true. It was actually, an exercise to integrate science and religion. These two things are as essential and inevitable as the relation of the body (a crystal made of matters i.e. solid, liquid, and gas) and the soul (emotions, instincts, temperament, and discretion). Science is boon and curses simultaneously depending on its application and, that is possible only when the individual is abreast with biology, botany, environment, the ethics, interrelation of human beings with the environment, etc. On one side, science provides the populace with comforts and ease, while on the other, it spreads devastation; if applied in the manufacture of hydrogen, nuclear bombs. The consequence of the renaissance, the protestant reformations, and the contribution of science to them were, therefore, worth noticing and comparing with the circumstances that existed in Japan.

Ans.

Visible things in the paintings

1. A huge fleet of ships on the sea.
2. Some ships are immersed and some others almost drown in the sea.
3. There appears an explosion perhaps that of cannons exploded. Its reflection can be seen on the surface of the sea-water. Smoke shows arson and loot.
4. There are ripples up and down on the surface of sea-water. It shows an acute commotion as generally takes place when war is fought.
5. Lastly, we see soldiers on Plymouth or small boats rowed from all directions.

Conclusion-On the basis of the above five visions/pictures that are seen on this painting, depicting a war being fought from the sea.