Diversity in living organisms For class 9 Important Questions

Q 1 – Find out incorrect sentence: 

(a) Protista includes unicellular eukaryotic organisms

(b) Whittaker considered cell structure, mode and source of nutrition classifying the organisms in five kingdoms

(c) Both Monera and Protista may be autotrophic and heterotrophic

(d) Monerans have well defined nucleus

(d) Monerans have well defined nucleus

Q 2 – Which among the following has specialised tissue for conduction of water?

(i) Thallophyta                                                 

(ii) Bryophyta

(iii) Pteridophyta

 (iv) Gymnosperms

(a) (i) and (ii) 

(b) (ii) and (iii)

(c) (iii) and (iv) 

(d) (i) and (iv)

(c) (iii) and (iv)

Q 3 – Which among the following produce seeds?

(a) Thallophyta                                                      

(b) Bryophyta

(c) Pteridophyta

 (d) Gymnosperms

(d) Gymnosperms

Q 4 – Write (T) true or (F) false:

  1. Whittaker proposed five kingdom classification.
  2.  Monera is divided into Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
  3. Starting from Class, Species comes before the Genus.
  4. Anabaena belongs to the kingdom Monera.
  5. Blue-green algae belongs to the kingdom Protista.
  1. True
  2. True
  3. False
  4. True
  5. False

Q 5 – Fill in the blanks:

  1. The naming of organisms is done according to ________ nomenclature proposed by Carolus Linnaeus. ___________ has the smallest number of organisms with maximum number of similar characters .
  1. ___________ are called the amphibians of plant kingdom .
  2. The unicellular eukaryotes are kept in Kingdom ___________
  3. Lichen is an association between ____________ and ____________ .
  4. Common fungus used in preparation of bread is ___________
  5. Paramecium is a protistan because of its _____________
  6. A fungus _____________ can be seen without microscope .
  7. Fungi do not contain ____________
  8. Ferns are examples of ____________
  9. ___________ Coined the term Biodiversity . 
  1. binomial
  2. species
  3. bryophytes
  4. Protista
  5. blue – green algal and fungi
  6. feast
  7. made of locomotion – cilia
  8.  mushroom
  9. pigments for photosynthesis
  10. Pteridophytes
  11. Walter G. Rosen

.

Q 6 – Why was the method of classification of animals proposed by Aristotle not accepted?

Aristotle classified animals on the basis of their habitat, i.e., whether they live on land or in water. But these animals, otherwise are very different from each other in many respects and such a classification does not prove much helpful. So, the method of classification by Aristotle was not accepted.

Q 7 – What are phanerogams?            

Phanerogams or spermatophyta are the most advanced type of plants bearing seeds. They have roots, stems, leaves and flowers. They include gymnosperms and angiosperms.

Q 8 – On which basis is the plant kingdom classified?   

The plants have been classified on the following basis:

  • Phylogeny and evolution.
  • Presence or absence of vascular tissue for transport of food and water.
  • Presence or absence of seeds.
  • Presence or absence of fruits.

Q 9 – Why are bryophytes called the amphibians of the plant kingdom?   

The plant bodies of bryophytes are devoid of vascular tissues and roots. So they live in moist habitats in order to obtain water directly or through rhizoids. Moreover, like the amphibians of animal kingdom, the sperms of bryophytes require an external water medium for reaching the eggs. Due to this reason, bryophytes are called the amphibians of the plant kingdom.

Q 10 – Give reasons why mosses are found in humid and moist areas.

The entire body of moss in damp humid places can absorb water. Moreover, sperms in mosses are flagellated and so they can reach the archegonia only in presence of water. Thus, water is indispensable in the life cycle of mosses for reproduction as well as for performing other physiological functions.

Q 11 – What is a species? Give its main features.

Species is defined as a dynamic group of organisms, which resemble each other in all essential aspects, i.e., structure and function, and interbreed to produce fertile young ones of their own kind. The members of a species are reproductively isolated from other groups. They have descended from a common ancestor and have similar genetic material.

Q 12 – Blue green algae have been included under the group Monera and not under Plantae. Why?

Phanerogams or spermatophyta are the most advanced type of plants bearing seeds. They have roots, stems, leaves and flowers. They include gymnosperms and angiosperms.

Q 13 – Describe the three main characteristics that are used for a hierarchical classification.

The three main characteristics used for a hierarchical classification are:
(i) Complexity of cell structure, i.e., type of cell—prokaryotic or eukaryotic. As a eukaryotic cell has membrane-bound organelles including a nucleus, the cellular processes can be carried out efficiently in isolation from other cells. On the other hand, the organisms without a clearly demarcated nucleus and other organelles need to have very different biochemical pathways. This would naturally have a great effect on every aspect of cell design. Moreover, the nucleated cells would have the capacity to participate in making a multicellular organism as they are capable of taking up specialised functions.

(ii) Body organisation, i.e., whether the organism is unicellular or multicellular. In a eukaryotic multicellular organism, cells that group together to form a single organism use the principle of division of labour. In this type of body design, all cells would not be identical. Rather, groups of cells will carry out specialised functions. Thus, this makes a very basic distinction in the body designs of organisms. As a result, an amoeba will be very different in its body design from a fish.

(iii) Mode of nutrition: autotrophic or heterotrophic. Plants make their own food while animals depend on plants or other animals for their food. For this they will definitely have different body design.

Q 14 – On what bases are plants and animals put into different categories?

Difference between plants and animals:

  1. Plants and animals are classified based on how they feed. Plants are autotrophs, while animals are heterotrophs.
  2. Plants do not need to migrate from one location to another, whereas most animals must move to find nourishment.

Mode of nutrition:

The mode of nutrition refers to the method of obtaining food:

Autotrophs

  1. Autotrophic organisms are those that prepare their nourishment.
  2. Plants are producers that have autotrophic feeding.
  3. Light, carbon dioxide, and water are used by plants to synthesize their sustenance.

Heterotrophs:

  1. Heterotrophs are organisms that get their food from plants or other animals.
  2. Animals are heterotrophs, which is why they are referred to as consumers.

Q 15 – In the hierarchy of classification, which grouping will have the smallest number of organisms with maximum common characteristics and which will have the largest number of organisms?

Hierarchical Classification

  1. In the hierarchy of classification, a species will have the smallest number of organisms with a maximum of characteristics in common.
  2. In contrast, the kingdom will have the largest number of organisms.
  3. It is a system of grouping things according to a hierarchy, or levels and orders
  4. This biological species concept is widely used in biology and related fields of research.

Q 16 – Which division among plants has the simplest organisms?    

 Division Thallophyta among plants has the simplest organisms. Thallophyta is a former division of the plant kingdom containing relatively simple plants, i.e. those with no leaves, stems, or roots. It includes the algae, bacteria, fungi, and lichens.

Q 17 – What are the major divisions in the Plantae? What is the basis for these divisions?   

Kingdom Plantae:

  1. It comprises the plants, which vary in size, that is, from giant trees to tiny mosses.
  2. They are multicellular, eukaryotic, and autotrophic organisms.

The kingdom Plantae is differentiated into five prime divisions:

  1. Thallophyta:The species in this division exhibit a simple body design, with no stem, roots, and leaves. For example, algae, fungi, and lichens.
  2. Bryophyta:In this division, the body of the plants are differentiated into crude stem and leaf-like compositions, with no vascular system. For example, hornworts, mosses, and liverworts.
  3. Pteridophyta: In this division, the body of the plants is differentiated into root, stem, and leaves, and a vascular system is present. For example, horsetails, ferns, and lycophytes.
  4. Gymnosperms: They are flowerless plants, which generate naked seeds and cones. Examples are ginkgo, sago palm, etc.
  5. Angiosperms: They are the flowering plants, which possess vascular bundles with phloem and xylem tissues, and the seeds are covered. Examples are rose, hemp, orchids, etc.

The basis for the divisions in the kingdom Plantae are:

  1. Undifferentiated and differentiated plant body.
  2. Existence and non-existence of vascular tissues.
  3. Presence or absence of seeds.
  4. Presence of naked or covered seeds.

Q 18 – What are sporophylls ? What they aggregate to form? In which plantae division these can be found ?

Q 19 – What are the three types of Archeabacteria ?

Archaebacteria:

  1. Archaea are one of the oldest organisms on the planet.
  2. Many archaea are classified as bacteria because they resemble bacteria when viewed under a microscope.
  3. They are called archaea because they belong to the archaeal kingdom.
  4. They share some common characteristics with eukaryotes but are completely different from them.
  5. They are known as extremophiles because they can easily survive in generally harsh conditions such as the seafloor and volcanic vents.

Types of Archaebacteria are Halophiles, methanogens, and thermoacidophiles:

  1. Halophiles:
  2. Halophiles are organisms that live in very salty environments.
  3. The name “halophile” means “love salt” in Greek.
  4. Most of them are bacteria, but some are very primitive eukaryotes.
  5. Halophiles are found in salty areas such as the Great Salt Lake and the Dead Sea in Utah.
  6. They are unique because they require high levels of salt that are fatal to most organisms.

Methanogens:

  1. Methanogens live and thrive in strange and hostile environments, such as the intestines of cows.
  2. These are microorganisms that produce methane as a by-product of metabolism.
  3. Methanogens are obligate anaerobes or organisms that live without oxygen.

Thermoacidophiles:

  1. They are archaea that prefer acid and temperature.
  2. These organisms grow at high temperatures of 55 °C to 59 °C and have a pH of 2.
  3. The cells are lysed at a neutral pH.
  4. Thermoplasma, Thermoproteus, and Sulfolobus are common thermophiles.
  5. Thermoplasma and Thermoproteus are polymorphically distributed in the pile of burning coal waste.
  6. The genus Sulfolobus Is a common autotrophic organism that grows better at 70 °C to 87 °C and pH 2.
  7. In nature, these are mainly found in acidic hot springs, sulfur springs, and hot acidic soils.
  8. The special cell membranes of these bacteria consist of a single layer of long-chain hydrocarbons, both ends bound to glycerol, and can grow in hot and acidic environments.

Q 20 – Name any 10 countries which constitute the regions of Megadiversity ?

  1. Brazil 
  2. colombia 
  3. ecuador 
  4. Peru
  5. Mexico
  6. zaire
  7. Madagascar
  8. Australia
  9. china 
  10. India

Q 21 – Give the complete hierarchy of the Animal Kingdom?

kingdom

phylums

Claes

order

family

geneus

species

 

 

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