Q 1 – Endangered species are listed under the category of
(a) blue list
(b) red list
(c) green list
(d) yellow list
Q 2 – In a more diverse ecosystem
(a) It is easy to survive
(b) Survival is very difficult
(c) Resources are scarce
(d) Species are less
Ans. (a) It is easy to survive
Q 3 – Bio-diversity is important for
(a) animal existence
(b) human existence
(c) development
(d) plant existence
Q 4 – Each couple should produce only two children which will help in
(a) Checking pollution
(b) Stabilizing the ecosystem
(c) Fertility of soil
(d) Improving food web
Ans. (b) Stabilizing the ecosystem
Q 5 – Growth in the human population has increased the rate of
(a) Death per year
(b) Conservation of natural resources
(c) Research of new species
(d) Consumption of natural resources
Ans. (d) Consumption of natural resources
Q 6 – Biodiversity has contributed to the development of
(a) human population
(b) human culture
(c) environment
(d) technology
Q 7 – The Government of India passed the Wildlife Protection Act in the year
(a) 1970
(b) 1971
(c) 1972
(d) 1973
Q 8 – IUCN publishes information about endangered species world-wide as the
(a) Red list
(b) Green list
(c) Blue list
(d) Yellow list
Q 9 – Which is of the following is not true regarding the causes of loss of Biodiversity?
(a) Conservation of animals
(b) Illegal Hunting
(c) Natural calamities
(d) Pesticides
Ans. (a) Conservation of animals
Q 10 – National parks and sanctuaries are established for the purpose of
(a) hunting
(b) conservation
(c) recreation
(d) pets
Q 11 – he percentage of species that are contained by Tropical rain forests are
(a) 10%
(b) 40%
(c) 50%
(d) 60%
Q 12 – Species which are not the natural inhabitants of the local habitat but are introduced into the system are called:
(a) Endangered Species
(b) Exotic Species
(c) Vulnerable Species
(d) Rare Species
Q 13 – Name some biogeographic zones.
Ans. The lakes, deserts, coasts, estuaries, etc. are some biogeographic zones.
Q 14 – During which geological period the mammals go extinct from the earth?
Ans. The mammals got extinct from the earth during the Pleistocene age about 2 million years ago.
Q 15 – Name some national parks of the country.
Ans. Some important national parks of the country are Kaziranga National Park, Sundarbans, Hazaribagh National Park, and Corbett National Park.
Q 16 – What do you understand by species diversity?
Ans. The variation in the physical features of the species.
Q 17 – What were the main causes of the extinction of mammals in the Pleistocene period?
Ans. The main causes were:
- Over killing of animals by humans.
- Deterioration in climate.
Q 18 – What are the major determinants of nature and the extent of a biome?
Ans. The rainfall, temperature range, nature, soil, barriers, latitude, and altitude are the major determinants of the nature and extent of a biome.
Q 19 – Give some examples of hoofed herbivore species.
Ans. They include zebra, giraffe, elephant, kangaroos, and several kinds of antelopes.
Q 20 – Name the principal grasslands of the world.
Ans. The principal grasslands of-the world include Prairies to Canada and the USA, the Pampas of South America, the Steppes of Europe and Asia, and Veldts of Africa.
Q 21 – Define agro-ecology.
Ans. The study of the relationship between agricultural scope and environment is called agro-ecology.
Q 22 – How many species of living organisms exist today?
Ans. Over5 million species of living organisms exist in the world toda.
Q 23 – What is meant by “Homosapien”?
Ans. Homo’ means ‘man’ and ‘sapient’ means ‘wise’. Homosapien is one of the species of the animal kingdom to which human beings belong. Because of their unique characteristic of wisdom’, human beings are separated from other animal species.
Q 24 – Define ‘ecosystem’ with examples.
Ans. The biotic community, along with the physical environment forms an interacting system called the ecosystem. An ecosystem can be natural or artificial, temporary or permanent. A large grassland or a forest, a small 1 tract in a forest or a single log, an edge of a pond, a village, an aquarium, or a manned spaceship can all be regarded as an ecosystem.
Q 25 – Describe various structural components of an ecosystem.
Ans. Various structural components of an ecosystem are classified into two main groups:
- biotic or living, and
- abiotic or non-living.
Q 26 – How does the background of the habitat determine the distribution of animals?
Ans. The background of the habitat determines the distribution of animals by enabling them to camouflage against the color, general texture, and pattern. Desert animals like the lion and the camel are sand-colored. Most of the jellyfish, sea cucumbers are lassy. The chameleon changes its color according to its background.
Q 27 – What are different types of biodiversity?
Ans. Biodiversity exists at three levels, viz.,
- Species diversity, which is reflected by morphological, physiological, and genetic features,
- Genetic diversity, which comprises genetic or other variations within a species, and
- Ecosystem diversity, which is reflected in diverse bio-geographic zones such as lakes, deserts, coasts, estuaries,
etc.
Q 28 – What is meant by eutrophication?
Ans. Eutrophication is a process that leads to the destruction of the biotic life of water bodies due to the flow of rich effluents into the nutrient water bodies. This destroys or kills the animal and plant life by the deprivation of oxygen.
Q 29 – Give examples of few sanctuaries of the country.
Ans. Some important sanctuaries of the countries are:
- Annalia Sanctuary (Tamil Nadu)
- Jaldapara Sanctuary (West Bengal)
- Keoladeo Ghana Bird Sanctuary (Rajasthan)
- Sultanpur Lake Bird Sanctuary (Haryana)
- Nagarjun Sagar Sanctuary (Andhra Pradesh)
- Chilka Lake Bird Sanctuary (Orissa).
Q 30 – What kind of people the early humans were from an ecological point of view?
Ans. The early humans were hunters and gatherers. They may be called primitive. But they were not backward from the ecological point of view. Because their lifestyle was a successful adaptation to the call of nature given the knowledge and technology of life.
Q 31 – What is the conservation of biodiversity?
Ans. Conservation means ‘preservation’ of bio-diversity. The goal of conservation strategy is to ensure that evolution continues allowing natural forces to maintain and evolve species. It will maintain gene pools and retain genetic traits that may prove valuable in the future. Conservation also includes future efforts to protect species and to prevent rare ones from extinction.
Q 32 – What is meant by ‘Green Revolution’?
Ans. Green Revolution is related to agricultural development in India. It came in the 1970s when due to the planned efforts of the government of India, new varieties of seeds, fertilizers, insecticides, and pesticides were introduced to the farmers. This resulted in surplus agricultural production, particularly of foodgrains like wheat and rice.
Q 33 – Discuss the human developments that led to a negative impact on the biotic resources of the earth in the modern period.
Ans. The modem period is the age of industry and urbanization. The population is growing enabled with more lands being cleared of their forests, more soils being filled to grow crops, and more areas being used to erect homes, construct roads, build parking lots, and all the activities that channel resources toward urban locations. The loss of soil, movement of nutrients, and contamination of the environment with tonic materials are syrup to make of the excessive use of energy and unchecked outputs. Virtually every urban and industrial activity has a negative impact on water quality. Industrial and urban sewerage contain hazardous substances and cause eutrophication, diminishing the quality of the freshwater system. Human manipulation of nature has resulted in fragmented and incomplete systems. All these developments have a negative impact on the biotic resources of the earth.
Q 34 – Distinguish between exploitation and conservation of forest.
Ans. Both the acts are related to human usage of forests as a resource and are contradictory to each other. Exploitation means the usage of forests by human beings in an unfair and selfish manner for one’s own advantage or profit. On the contrary, conservation means the protection of forests. Here also man exploits the forest resources, but with a cautious effort, i.e. in such a manner that the evolution of species continues, preventing rare ones from extinction.
There are two levels of biodiversity. Genetic diversity comprises the genetic and related variations within the plant or animal species. It is concerned with their origin and evolution. On the other hand, species diversity is reflected by morphological and physiological features of the plant and animal species. It is related to the form and structure.
Q 35 – Distinguish between a National Park and a Sanctuary.
Ans. National Parks: A national park is an area that is strictly reserved for the betterment of the wildlife and where activities like presenting, grazing, or cultivation are not permitted. In these parks, ‘ even the private ownership rights are not allowed. There are 66 national parks in India. Some important national parks are Kaziranga National Park (Assam), Sunderbans (West Bengal), Hazaribagh National Park (Jharkhand), Corbett National Park (Uttaranchal).
Sanctuary: Some important sanctuaries of the countries are:
- Annalia Sanctuary (Tamil Nadu)
- Jaldapara Sanctuary (West Bengal)
- Keoladeo Ghana Bird Sanctuary (Rajasthan)
- Sultanpur Lake Bird Sanctuary (Haryana)
- Nagarjun Sagar Sanctuary (Andhra Pradesh)
- Chilka Lake Bird Sanctuary (Orissa).