Class 9 combined test paper of Social Science

Combined Test of Social Science

Q 1 – Name the Philosophers who put forward the ideas of freedom, equal laws and opportunities for all in French society.

The philosophers were John Locke, Montesquieu and Jean Jacques Rousseau.

Q 2 – What was the most revolutionary reform of the Jacobin regime?

One of the most revolutionary social reforms of the Jacobin regime was the abolition of slavery in the French colonies.

Q 3 – List and explain the successful achievements of the National Assembly from 1789-1791.

Important accomplishments of the National Assembly of France were as follows :-

  • Adoption of the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizens.
  • The declaration upheld the equality of all before law; eligibility of all for public offices; freedom of speech and expression.
  • It denied special privileges to the nobles and clergy and stressed that the burden of taxation must be borne by all without distinction.
  • Church was nationalised and people were guaranteed religious freedom.
  • The new Constitution provided for constitutional monarchy and separation of powers between the legislature, executive and judiciary.
  • Jury system was introduced for criminal cases.

Q 4 – How was the society divided before the French Revolution? Also mention the three categories within the third estate.

The French Society  was divided into separate estates prior to the French revolution. 

  • The first estate was consisting of priests.  
  • The second estate was consisting of noblemen.
  • The third estate consisting of peasants, etc. The middle class, also comprised of lawyers, merchants, big businessmen, teachers etc.

France divided society into three estates under the Old Regime (before the French Revolution):-

  • the First Estate (clergy);
  • the Second Estate (nobility); 
  • the Third Estate (commoners).

The king was considered not to be part of any estate.


1. The First Estate

The First Estate included the clergy as a whole, usually divided into “higher” and “lower” clergy. There was no specific demarcation between the two groups, the upper clergy, from the Second Estate families, were, essentially, clerical aristocracy. Every bishop in France was a nobleman in the age of Louis XVI, a circumstance which had not existed even before the 18th century.

2. The Second Estate

The Second Estate was the aristocracy and monarchy of the French (technically, but not in common use), other than the king himself, who remained outside the estate system.

3. The Third Estate

The Third Estate included all those who were not part of any of the above and could be divided into two classes, public and private, making up more than 90% of the population of France.  Free peasants (who owned their own land) who could be wealthy and villains (serfs, or peasants employed on a noble land) were included in the rural ones.

Q 5 – Discuss the causes of the French Revolution.

During the eighteenth century, France had around 80 million dollars in debt. The kings lived exceedingly luxurious lives, and it was the ruling classes  excessive lifestyle that caused the French Empire’s greatest economic crisis. The involvement of France in the American War of Independence, as well as a flawed taxing system, added to the complexity of the situation. While the wealthy were exempted  from paying taxes, the Third Estate became increasingly burdened with them.

Listed below are the few causes of French Revolution 

Main causes of the French revolution

  • Social– The social conditions in France in the late 18th century were remarkably unequal and exploitative. The clergy and the nobility formed the first two Estates and were the most privileged classes in French society. They were excluded from the payment of taxes to the State. On the other hand, the Third Estate that consisted of peasants and workers formed the majority of the population. They were charged with excessive taxes with no political and social rights. As a result, they were extremely discontent.
  • Economic– As a result of numerous wars waged by Louis XVI the State coffers were empty. The situation was made even more complex by France’s involvement in the American War of Independence and the faulty system of taxation. While the privileged classes were excused from paying taxes the Third Estate was more and more burdened with them.
  • Political– The Bourbon king of France, Louis XVI was an extremely autocratic and weak-willed king who led a life of obscene luxury. This led to a lot of disenchantment among the masses who then were leading life of extreme poverty and widespread hunger.
  • Intellectual– The 18th century was marked by a conscious refusal by French thinkers of the ‘Divine Rights Theory’. Philosophers like Rousseau rejected the paradigm of absolute monarchy and promulgated the doctrine of equality of man and sovereignty of people. They played a pivotal role in exposing the fault lines of the old political system, i.e. the ancien regime, and articulating the popular discontent.

Q 6 – Robespierre was  seen as a radical revolutionary and power hungry but his reforms give the extremely opposite image. Reflect.

Robespierre was a radical revolutionary . He used to follow very strict policies during his regime and a person whom he considered as his enemy was executed. Then also we can say that his policies reflected the opposite image as he firstly tried to reduce inequality among the society in the following ways :- 

  • The use of more expensive white flour was forbidden. 
  •  All citizens were required to eat the pain (equality bread), a loaf made of whole wheat. 
  • Equality was also sought to be practised through forms of speech and address. 
  • Instead of the traditional Monsieur (Sir) and Madame (Madam) all French men and women were henceforth Citoyen and Citoyenne (Citizen). 
  • Churches were shut down and their buildings converted into barracks or offices

Q 7 – First constitution of France did not keep up the expectations of all the sections of society. Elaborate.

The Constitution of 1791 vested the power to make laws in the National Assembly, which was indirectly elected.  ( making France a constitutional monarchy) .

There were certain inequalities inherent in the constitution of 1791 which are as follows :-  

  • Not all citizens, however , had the right to vote. Only men above 25 years of age who paid taxes equal to at least 3 days of a labourer’s wage were given the status of active citizens, that is, they were entitled to vote.
  • The remaining men and all women were classed as passive citizens.
  • To qualify as an elector and then as a member of the Assembly, a man had to belong to the highest bracket of taxpayers. 
  • One of Women’s main demands was that women enjoy the same political rights as
    men. Women were disappointed that the Constitution of 1791 reduced
    them to passive citizens. 
  • They demanded the right to vote, to be elected to the Assembly and to hold political office. Only then, they felt, would their interests be represented in the new government.

Q 8 – Which classes formed the privileged estates?

The French socirty was divided into three estates :-

  • First Estate – Clergy.
  • Second Estate – Nobility
  • Third Estate or commoners.

The clergy and nobility constituted the privileged estates

Q 9 – ‘Napoleon was the moderniser of Europe.’ Justify the statement.

He did this by taking the following steps: He introduced the Civil Code of 1804, also known as the Napoleonic Code. This Code instituted the principle of equality of all people before the law, right to property was established and all privileges enjoyed by the people of high birth and class were abolished.

Q 10 – What is the Southern part of western coastal plain known as?

A coastal plain is a flat low-lying area of land, which is adjacent to the sea coast. It is a low-relief landmass that is surrounded by the sea or an ocean on one side and the highlands on the other.  Thus, they are bounded seaward because of the shoreline and landward because of the highlands. The narrow plain or the Western coast, lying between the Western ghats and Arabian sea, consists of three sections:

  • Konkan is known as the Northern part of the coast. It stretches from Diu to Goa.
  • Kannad plain is known as Central stretch.
  • Malabar coast (Kerala) is known as the Southern stretch.

The Southern most part of the western coastal plain is called as Malabar Coast. 

Q 11 – What is the variation in height in the Shivalik mountain range?

The Shiwaliks is a mountain range of the Outer Himalayas.

  • The Outer-most range of the Himalayas is called the Shiwaliks.
  • They extend over a width of 10-50 Km and have an altitude varying between 900 and 1100 metres.
  • It is about 2,400 km (1,500 mi) long enclosing an area that starts almost from the Indus and ends close to the Brahmaputra, with a gap of about 90 kilometres (56 mi) between the Teesta and Raidak rivers in Assam.

Q 12 – Fill in The Blanks

  1. The peninsular plateau is composed of ________and _______________ rocks.
  2. The northern most range of Himalaya is known as the ___________ or __________ or Himadri.
  3. The core of the Great Himalayas or Himadri is composed of _____________.
  4. The __________________ range forms the longest and the most important range of Himachal.
  5. The part of the Himalayas lying between Satluj and Kali rivers is known as ________________.
  6. The Purvanchal comprises the ____________, _______________ and The Mizo Hills.
  7. The rivers in their lower course split into numerous channels due to the deposition of silt. These channels are known as____________________.
  8. _________________________lies above the flood plains of the rivers and present a terrace like feature.
  9. Flood plains are _______________almost every year and so are fertile, thus, ideal for _______.
  10. Peninsular plateau was formed due to the breaking and drifting of the ____________________.
  11. The eastward extensions of central highland are locally known as the _________ and ______________.
  12. An extension of the Deccan Plateau is also visible in the northeast– locally known as the Meghalaya, Karbi-Anglong Plateau and ________________Hills.
  13. ______________________ can be crossed through the Thal, Bhor and the Pal Ghats.
  14. __________ and ________________ Hills are located to the southeast of the Eastern Ghats.
  15. One of the distinct features of the peninsular plateau is the black soil area known as_______________.
  16. Luni is the only large river of ______________.
  17. Andaman and Nicobar islands lie close to equator and experience __________ climate and has thick forest cover.
  1. Igneous and Metamorphic rocks
  2. Great or Inner Himalayas
  3. Granite.
  4. Pir Panjal
  5. Kumaon Himalayas
  6. Patkai Hills, Naga Hills
  7. Distributaries
  8. Older Alluvium.
  9. Khadar and Intensive Agriculture.
  10.  Gondwana land
  11. Budelkhand and Baghelkhand.
  12. North Cachar Hills
  13. western coastal region with the rest of India.
  14. Javadi hills and Shevroy Hills
  15. Deccan Trap
  16. Northwest India
  17.  Equatorial

Q 13 – Name the major physiographic divisions of India ?

Ans.The major physiographic divisions of India: –
1. The Himalayan Mountains
2.The Northern Plains
3.The Peninsular Plateau
4.The Indian Desert
5.The Coastal Plains
6. The Islands

Q 14 – Explain the characteristics of the Himalayas.

The name “Himalaya” means “the abode or house of snow” in Sanskrit (i.e. hima “snow”, and
alaya “abode or house”).

  •  The mountain peaks in the Himalaya mountain range are the highest on earth .
  •  These mountain ranges run in a west-east direction from the Indus to the Brahmaputra.
  •  The Himalayas represent the loftiest and one of the most rugged mountain barriers in the world.
  •  The great Himalayas are also known as the young fold mountains.(formed 30 million years ago)
  •  The Himalayas run along the northern border of India.
  •  The Himalayas form an arc which is about 2,400 km long.
  •  The width varies from 400 km in Kashmir to 150 km in Arunachal Pradesh.
  •  The altitudinal variations are greater in the eastern part than in the western part.

 There are three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent

  1.         The Great or Inner Himalayas or Himadri)
  2.         The Lesser Himalaya or Himachal
  3.         The Shiwaliks) 
  1.  

2.

3.

4. Assertion: The shiwalik range is composed of unconsolidated river deposits.

Reason: Shivalik Range is prone to earthquakes and landslides.

  1. a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of the A.
  2. b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of the A.
  3. c) A is true but R is false.
  4. d) A is false but R is true

5.Assertion: Northern plain is a very fertile as well as densely populated relief featureof India

Reasons:  Northern plain formed by   deposition of sediments brought down by the Himalayan and peninsular rivers

  1. a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of the A.
  2. b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of the A.
  3. c) A is true but R is false.
  4. d) A is false but R is tru

Q 15 – The following questions consist of two statements one is labeled as Assertion (A) and the other is labeled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes a), b), c) and d) as given below:

1.Assertion:  Peninsular plateau is the oldest land block of India.

    Reason:  Peninsular plateau is formed by braking and drifting of Gondwanaland.

  a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of the A.

  b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of the A.

  c) A is true but R is false.

  d) A is false but R is true 

Option (a)

Q 16 – Assertion: Terai region is  swampy and marshy but rich in natural vegetation

       Reason: Terai is situated towards the south of Bhabar.

  a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of the A.

  b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of the A.

  c) A is true but R is false.

  d) A is false but R is true

Option (a)

Q 17 – Assertion: Eastern coastal plain is more fertile than the Western Coastal plain.

 Reason: Mahanadi,  Godavari , Krishna and Kaveri rivers are forming a delta in the eastern coastal plain.

  a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of the A.

  b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of the A.

  c) A is true but R is false.

  d) A is false but R is true

Option (a)

Q 16 – What is Purvanchal? Write its characteristics.

PURVANCHAL: The Brahmaputra marks the eastern border of the Himalayas.Beyond the Dihang gorge, the Himalayas bend sharply towards south and form the Eastern hills or Purvachal. These hillsare composed of the Patkai Hills, Naga Hills, Manipuri Hills and Mizo Hills.
CHARACTERISTICS:
• These hills run through the north eastern states of India.
• They are mostly composed of sandstones (i.e. Sedimentary rocks).
• These hills are covered with dense forest.

Q 17 – What is the role of education in Human Capital Formation?

Ans. Education is very crucial in the process of human capital formation. It is one
of the major determinants affecting the quality of population. The importance of
education can be explained with the help of following points
1) Education adds to the quality of labour, by imparting knowledge and skills
and thereby enhances the total productivity.
2) It helps an individual in getting a good job and salary and thereby helps in
maintaining good standard of living.
3) It brings about self-confidence in individual, enhances thinking, and
develops values in a life.
4) Education contributes to the growth of the society also. It enhances national
income, cultural richness and efficiency of governance.
5) It opened new opportunities for a person and a wider scope of his
development.
6) It helps an individual to make better use of the economic opportunities
available before him.

Q 18 – What is the role of health in Human Capital Formation

Ans. Health plays very important role in human capital formation. It is one of the major determinants affecting quality of human capital.
1. Healthy person can work more efficiently with great enthusiasm and thereby adds more and more to total production (GDP).
2. Health helps a person in attaining education more efficiently by grasping and memorizing relevant facts and content.
3. A healthy person is able to realize his potential and ability to fight illness.
4. Healthy person can do his work independently and can take good decisions.
5. Health also adds to the quality of labour and thereby enhances his productivity

Q 19 – What are the provisions made by the government in developing human resource via education?

There is a provision made by government in developing human resource via education. It could be explained with the help of following points-

• Universal Accessibility- Education was made universally accessible to
one and all by introducing Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, opening of more and
more schools in rural areas, lowering the fees etc.

• Retention- Education system was also said to provide quality and long
lasting knowledge to the students. This was done by introducing
attractive and interesting teaching methods.

• Quality in Elementary Education- The education system was upgraded by
making attempts to recruit highly qualified teachers and improving
infrastructures in schools.

• Promotion of Girl Child Education- Education for girl child also promoted by arranging awareness programs.

• Navodaya Vidyalayas- Government also make provision to open one Navodaya Vidyalaya for bright and needy children in each district.

• Introduction to vocational streams- Various vocational subjects were introduced up to high school so that children of poor families can look for their jobs accordingly

Q 20 – How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital?
                                                                           Or
How is human resource superior to other resources like land and physical capital?

Human resource is different from other resources like land and physical capital in following manner-
1) Human resource is not only consumer of other resources but also the creator of resources. They cannot be used without an effective human resource.
2) Human resource is comparatively more active than other resources.

Q 21 – How is investment in human capital beneficial to even those who are not directly given education and healthcare?

Q 22 – Categorize the types of economic activities on the basis of nature/type of activity.Give one example of each.

Q 23 – How are tasks performed by women like Sakal’s mother (homemaker) different from tasks performed by men like Sakal’s father (agricultural labourer)? Why is there a difference in the tasks performed by women and men?

Q 24 – What are some job opportunities that become available to women through education  and skill formation?

Q 25 – What determines the rights of citizens and the powers of the government?

As the supreme law of the country, the Constitution determines the rights of citizens, the powers of the government and how the government should function.

Q 26 – What do you mean by ‘Constitution’?

Constitution is the basically a legal document, the government of every country is run or work on the basis of constitution. Generally, a constitution consist of set of rules and principle. it creates a boundary of the fundamental right between the government and the citizen.

There are many types of constitution such as written and unwritten constitution, codified and uncodified constitution, flexible and unflexible constitution and etc.

Q 27 – Why was the making of the Indian Constitution not an easy affair?

Ans. Like South Africa, India’s Constitution was also drawn up under very difficult circumstances.

  • The making of the constitution for a huge and diverse country like India was not an easy affair. At that time the people of India were emerging from the status of subjects to that of citizens. The country was born through a partition on the basis of religious differences.
  • This was a traumatic experience for the people of India and Pakistan. Atleast ten lakh people were killed on both sides of the border in partition related violence.
  • The British had left it to the rulers of the princely states to decide whether they wanted to merge with India or with Pakistan or remain independent.
  • The merger of these princely states was a difficult and uncertain task. When the Constitution was being written, the future of the country did not look as secure as it does today.
  • The makers of the Constitution had anxieties about the present and the future of the country.

Q 28 – Who played a key role in the making of the Indian Constitution?

Like South Africa, India’s Constitution was also drawn up under very difficult circumstances.

  • The making of the constitution for a huge and diverse country like India was not an easy affair. At that time the people of India were emerging from the status of subjects to that of citizens. The country was born through a partition on the basis of religious differences.
  • This was a traumatic experience for the people of India and Pakistan. Atleast ten lakh people were killed on both sides of the border in partition related violence.
  • The British had left it to the rulers of the princely states to decide whether they wanted to merge with India or with Pakistan or remain independent.
  • The merger of these princely states was a difficult and uncertain task. When the Constitution was being written, the future of the country did not look as secure as it does today.
  • The makers of the Constitution had anxieties about the present and the future of the country.

Q 29 – What were the steps involved in the framing of the Indian Constitution?

The drafting of the document called the constitution was done by an assembly of elected representatives called the Constituent Assembly. Elections to the Constituent Assembly were held in July 1946. Its first meeting was held in December 1946. Soon after, the country was divided into India and Pakistan. The Constituent Assembly was also divided into the Constituent Assembly of India and that of Pakistan. The Constituent Assembly that wrote the Indian Constitution had 299 members. The Assembly adopted the Constitution on 26 November, 1949 and it came into force on 26 January, 1950.

Q 30 – Fill in the Blanks 

  1. Nelson Mandela and seven other leaders were sentenced to life imprisonment in 1964 for daring to oppose the _______________regime in his country.
  2. Nelson Mandela was imprisoned for 28 years in South Africa’s most dreaded prison, __________ Island.
  3. The official policy of racial separation and ill treatment of blacks followed by the government of South Africa between 1948 and 1989_______________
  4. A change in the constitution made by the supreme legislative body in a country___________
  5. An assembly of people’s representatives that writes a constitution for a country___________
  6. Supreme law of a country, containing fundamental rules governing the politics and society in a country________________________
  7. Buses, school, church, public toilets etc were all separate for the whites and blacks. This was called __________________.
  8. The _____________________was the umbrella organization that led the struggle against the policies of segregation in South Africa.
  1. Apartheid
  2. Robben Island 
  3. Apartheid
  4. Constitutional Amendment
  5. Constituent assembly
  6. The Constitution
  7. Segregation.
  8. African National Congress 

Q 31 – Why should we accept the Constitution made by the Assembly more than seventy years ago?

  •  The Constitution of India does not reflect the views of its members alone. It expresses a broad consensus of its time. Many countries of the world have had to rewrite their constitution afresh because the basic values were not accepted to all major social groups or political parties. In some other countries, the constitution exists as a mere piece of paper. No one actually follows it. The experience of our constitution is different. Over the last half a century, several groups have questioned some provisions of the constitution. But no large social group or political party has ever questioned the legitimacy of the constitution itself.
  • The Constituent Assembly represented the people of India. There was no universal adult franchise at that time. So, the Constituent Assembly could not have been chosen directly by all the people of India. It was elected mainly by the members of existing Provincial Legislatures. This ensured a fair geographical share of members from all the regions of the country.
  •  The Constituent Assembly was dominated by the Indian National Congress, the party that led India’s freedom struggle. But the Congress itself included a variety of political groups and opinions. The Assembly had many members who did not agree with the Congress.
  •  In social terms too, the Assembly represented members from different languages, groups, castes, classes, religions and occupations.
  •  The manner in which the Constituent Assembly worked gives sanctity to the constitution. The Assembly worked in a systematic, open and consensual manner. First, some basic principles were decided and agreed upon. Then a Drafting Committee prepared a draft constitution for discussion. Several rounds of thorough discussion took place on the Draft Constitution, clause by clause. More than two thousand amendments were considered. The members deliberated for 114 days spread over three years. Every document presented and every word spoken in the Constituent Assembly has been recorded and preserved. These are called ‘Constituent Assembly Debates’. These debates provide the rationale behind every provision of the Constitution.

Q 32 – Why we need constitution?

  • A Constitution has written laws accepted by people living together in a country.
  • It generates trust and coordination between the government and the citizens.
  • It specifies the type of government for a country and how it should function.
  • It lays down limits on the powers of the government.
  • It lays down the rights and duties of the citizens. 

Q 33 – Why do south Africans need a constitution?

  •  The black majority was keen to ensure that the democratic principle of majority rule was not compromised. They wanted substantial social and economic rights. The white minority was keen to protect its privileges and property.
  • After long negotiations both parties agreed to a compromise. The whites agreed to the principle of majority rule and that of one person one vote. They also agreed to accept some basic rights for the poor and the workers.
  • The blacks agreed that majority rule would not be absolute. They agreed that the majority would not take away the property of the white minority.
  • The only way to build and maintain trust in such a situation is to write down some rules of the country that everyone would abide by. These rules also determine what the elected governments are empowered to do and what they cannot do.
  • They agreed on some basic rules which will be supreme, that no government will be able to ignore these. This set of basic rules is called a constitution.
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