Q 1 – Which of the following best explains why biodiversity is considered essential for maintaining ecological balance?
A. It increases the commercial value of forests only
B. It provides interconnected species and ecosystems that support ecological processes
C. It prevents all natural disasters
D. It eliminates competition among organisms
B. It provides interconnected species and ecosystems that support ecological processes.
Explanation: Biodiversity maintains the complex relationships among organisms and ecosystems and supports essential ecological processes.
Q 2 – Consider the following statements about biodiversity:
1. It includes the diversity of flora and fauna.
2. It exists only in natural forests.
3. Different species are interconnected within an ecosystem.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
C. 1 and 3 only
Explanation: Biodiversity includes different forms of flora and fauna and their interrelationships. It is not restricted only to natural forests.
Q 3 – A species is classified as endangered when:
A. its population has increased rapidly
B. it is found only in one particular region
C. it faces a very high risk of extinction
D. it is commonly found throughout the country
C. it faces a very high risk of extinction
Explanation: Endangered species face a high risk of extinction if appropriate conservation measures are not taken.
Q 4 – Which situation most directly indicates the depletion of wildlife?
A. Increase in protected areas
B. Increase in natural vegetation
C. Decline in the population of several species
D. Expansion of wildlife sanctuaries
C. Decline in the population of several species
Explanation: A sustained decline in the population of species is a major indicator of wildlife depletion.
Q 5 – Which of the following is not a major factor responsible for the depletion of flora and fauna?
A. Habitat destruction
B. Hunting and poaching
C. Commercial exploitation of forests
D. Establishment of protected areas
D. Establishment of protected areas
Explanation: Protected areas are established to conserve biodiversity rather than deplete it.
Q 6 – The expansion of agricultural land into forest areas can threaten wildlife primarily because it:
A. increases the natural habitat of animals
B. fragments and reduces their habitat
C. increases biodiversity in all cases
D. prevents human–wildlife interaction
B. fragments and reduces their habitat
Explanation: Conversion of forests into agricultural land reduces and fragments natural habitats.
Q 7 – Which of the following represents the most direct relationship between industrial development and forest depletion?
A. Industries always increase forest cover
B. Industrial expansion can increase demand for forest resources and land
C. Industries have no relationship with natural resources
D. Industrial development automatically protects wildlife
B. Industrial expansion can increase demand for forest resources and land.
Explanation: Industrialisation can increase demand for timber, minerals, land and infrastructure, placing pressure on forests.
Q 8 – Which category includes species whose population may become endangered if negative conditions continue?
A. Normal species
B. Vulnerable species
C. Extinct species
D. Endemic species
B. Vulnerable species
Explanation: Vulnerable species are likely to move into the endangered category if factors threatening their survival continue.
Q 9 – Which of the following correctly distinguishes an endemic species from an extinct species?
A. Endemic species are found everywhere, while extinct species are found in one region.
B. Endemic species are restricted to a particular geographical area, while extinct species no longer exist.
C. Both terms refer to species that no longer exist.
D. Both terms refer only to endangered animals.
B. Endemic species are restricted to a particular geographical area, while extinct species no longer exist.
Explanation: Endemic species are restricted to a particular region, whereas extinct species have completely disappeared.
Q 10 – A species is found naturally only in a particular region of India. Which category is most appropriate?
A. Endemic species
B. Extinct species
C. Normal species
D. Vulnerable species
A. Endemic species
Explanation: Species restricted to a particular geographical area are known as endemic species.
Q 11 – Which of the following is the best example of in-situ conservation?
A. Preserving a species in a laboratory
B. Maintaining seeds in a seed bank
C. Protecting species within their natural habitat
D. Keeping animals in artificial breeding centres only
C. Protecting species within their natural habitat
Explanation: In-situ conservation protects organisms within their natural habitats, such as national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.
Q 12 – Why are national parks and wildlife sanctuaries important?
A. They promote unrestricted commercial exploitation of forests.
B. They provide protected areas for the conservation of flora and fauna.
C. They are established mainly for mining activities.
D. They completely eliminate human settlements from every forest region.
B. They provide protected areas for the conservation of flora and fauna.
Explanation: Protected areas help conserve habitats, wildlife and biodiversity by restricting activities that threaten them.
Q 13 – Which of the following combinations is correctly matched?
A. Endemic species — species that have completely disappeared
B. Vulnerable species — species likely to become endangered
C. Extinct species — species restricted to one geographical area
D. Normal species — species with no ecological importance
B. Vulnerable species — species likely to become endangered
Explanation: Vulnerable species face conditions that may eventually place them in the endangered category.
Q 14 – If a forest contains species that are not currently facing any immediate threat to their survival, they are generally classified as:
A. Normal species
B. Extinct species
C. Endangered species
D. Rare species
A. Normal species
Explanation: Normal species have population levels considered normal for their survival.
Q 15 – Which of the following situations is most likely to convert a vulnerable species into an endangered species?
A. Protection of its habitat
B. Controlled use of forest resources
C. Continued habitat destruction and hunting
D. Creation of wildlife sanctuaries
C. Continued habitat destruction and hunting
Explanation: Continued habitat loss and hunting can reduce populations to dangerously low levels.
Q 16 – Why does the destruction of one species sometimes affect several other species?
A. Ecosystems contain no interdependence.
B. Species are connected through food chains and ecological relationships.
C. Every species depends only on humans.
D. All species have identical habitats.
B. Species are connected through food chains and ecological relationships.
Explanation: Changes in one species can affect predators, prey and other organisms because ecosystems are interconnected.
Q 17 – Which of the following best explains the importance of forests to local communities?
A. Forests provide only timber for industries.
B. Forests provide resources such as fuelwood, fodder, food and other products.
C. Forests have no economic importance for rural communities.
D. Forests are used exclusively for wildlife tourism.
B. Forests provide resources such as fuelwood, fodder, food and other products.
Explanation: Many local and forest-dependent communities rely on forests for fuelwood, fodder, food and other forest products.
Q 18 – Which type of forest has the highest degree of protection according to the classification discussed in NCERT?
A. Unclassed forests
B. Protected forests
C. Reserved forests
D. Private forests
C. Reserved forests
Explanation: Reserved forests are regarded as the most valuable category for the conservation of forest and wildlife resources.
Q 19 – In which of the following tiger reserves have the local communities fought for conservation of the forests?
(a) Manas Tiger Reserve
(b) Periyar Tiger Reserve
(c) Simlipal Bio Reserve
(d) Sariska Tiger Reserve
(d) Sariska Tiger Reserve
Q 20 – The forest cover in our country has recently increased due to:
(a) Increase in natural forest growth
(b) Increase in net sown area
(c) Plantation by different agencies
(d) None of the above
(c) Plantation by different agencies
Q 21 – Which one among the following are not a part of the complex web of an ecological system?
(a) Plants
(b) Animals
(c) Computers
(d) Humans
(c) Computers
Q 22 – Substantial parts of the tribal belts in north¬eastern India, have been deforested by:
(a) Shifting cultivation
(b) Mining
(c) Infrastructure development
(d) None of the above
(a) Shifting cultivation
Q 23 – Extensive planting of a single commercially valuable species is called:
(a) Jhumming
(b) Intensive subsistence farming
(c) Mixed farming
(d) Enrichment plantation
(d) Enrichment plantation
Q 24 – Determination of the different categories of existing plant and animal species are based on which of the following agencies?
(a) The State Forest Department
(b) International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN).
(c) Forest Survey of India
(d) Earth Summit
(b) International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN).
Q 25 – Chir Pine plantations in the Himalayas have replaced the:
(a) Himalayan Oak and Rhododendron
(b) Teak and Sal
(c) Babul and Mexican kikar
(d) None of the above
(a) Himalayan Oak and Rhododendron
Q 26 – Which one of the following is not responsible for the decline in India’s biodiversity?
(a) Mining activities
(b) Hunting and poaching
(c) Forest fire
(d) Afforestation
(d) Afforestation
Q 27 – Which of the following species of animals is a rare species?
(a) Wild Asiatic buffalo
(b) Gangetic dolphin
(c) Indian rhino
(d) Blackbuck
(a) Wild Asiatic buffalo
Q 28 – Which one of the following is not a direct outcome of environmental destruction?
(a) Biological loss
(b) Loss of cultural diversity
(c) Severe droughts
(d) River Valley Projects
(c) Severe droughts
Q 29 – Sacred Groves are:
(a) parts of large forests that have been left untouched by the local people.
(b) places for grazing animals.
(c) forests earmarked for commercial felling of trees.
(d) forests used for planting trees with medicinal properties.
(a) parts of large forests that have been left untouched by the local people.
Q 30 – Which of the following is a species of grass categorized as a ‘critical’ species among the threatened list of flora and fauna?
(a) Madhuca insignis
(b) Tamarindus indica
(c) Hubbardia heptaneuron
(d) Mangifera indica
(c) Hubbardia heptaneuron
Q 31 – Forests and wastelands belonging to both private individuals and government are known as:
(a) Sacred groves
(b) Reserved forest
(c) Protected forests
(d) Unclassed forests
(d) Unclassed forests
Q 32 – The Gangetic dolphin belongs to which of the following categories of fauna?
(a) Endangered species
(b) Vulnerable species
(c) Rare species
(d) Extinct species
(b) Vulnerable species
Q 33 – Which of these statements is not a valid reason for the depletion of flora and fauna?
(a) Agricultural expansion
(b) Large-scale development projects
(c) Grazing and fuelwood collection
(d) Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation
(d) Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation
Q 34 – In which of the following years was the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act implemented?
(a) 1962
(b) 1972
(c) 1992
(d) 1999
(b) 1972
Q 35 – Which of the following conservation strategies do not directly involve community participation? (Textbook)
(a) Joint forest management
(b) Beej Bachao Andolan
(c) Chipko Movement
(d) Demarcation of Wildlife Sanctuaries
(d) Demarcation of Wildlife Sanctuaries
Q 36 – Which of the following species was declared extinct in India long back in 1952?
(a) Leopard
(b) Gangetic dolphin
(c) Blackbuck
(d) Asiatic cheetah
(d) Asiatic cheetah
Q 37 – Which one of the following is the example of endemic species?
(a) Asiatic elephant
(b) Gangetic dolphin
(c) Mithun
(d) Asiatic Cheetah
(c) Mithun
Q 38 – India has nearly …………… percent of the total number of species in the world
(a) 5
(b) 10
(c) 8
(d) 2
(c) 8
Q 39 – Cleaning of forests is still continuing in Madhya Pradesh mainly due to which of the following reasons?
(a) Dolomite mining
(b) Commercial plantations
(c) Industrialisaiton and urbanisation
(d) Narmada Sagar (River Valley) Project
(d) Narmada Sagar (River Valley) Project
Q 40 – When was Asiatic Cheetah declared extinct in India?
(a) in 1958
(b) in 1989
(c) in 1922
(d) in 1952
(d) in 1952
Q 41 – Who among the following is in charge of the management of forests and wildlife resources of India?
(a) World Wildlife Foundation
(b) Geological Survey of India
(c) Forest Department
(d) Non-government organizations
(c) Forest Department
Q 42 – The Buxa Tiger Reserve is situated in which of the following states?
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(b) West Bengal
(c) Gujarat
(d) Orissa
(b) West Bengal
Q 43 – Which one of the following movements is not associated with the protection of trees?
(a) Chipko Movement
(b) Navdanya Andolan
(c) Project Tiger
(d) Beej Bachao Andolan
(c) Project Tiger
Q 44 – What is the Himalayan Yew?
(a) A type of deer
(b) A medicinal plant
(c) A species of bird
(d) A food crop is grown in the Himalayas
(b) A medicinal plant
Q 45 – Sunderban National Park is located in which state?
(a) Assam
(b) West Bengal
(c) Tripura
(d) Gujarat
(b) West Bengal
Q 46 – In which of the following years was the ‘Project Tiger’ launched?
(a) 1951
(b) 1973
(c) 1993
(d) 2009
(b) 1973
Q 47 – Which one of the following belongs to vulnerable species?
(a) Blackbuck
(b) Crocodile
(c) Indian rhino
(d) Blue sheep
(d) Blue sheep
Q 48 – In which of the following states, a very high percentage of its forests is managed by local communities?
(a) Jammu and Kashmir
(b) Arunachal Pradesh
(c) Andhra Pradesh
(d) Himachal Pradesh
(b) Arunachal Pradesh
Q 49 – What was the aim of Chipko Movement?
(a) Human rights
(b) Political rights
(c) Agriculture expansion
(d) Forest conservation
(d) Forest conservation
Q 50 – Which of the following states has the largest area under permanent forests?
(a) Jammu and Kashmir
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Uttarakhand
(d) Maharashtra
(b) Madhya Pradesh
Q 51 – Which of the following species was included for the first time in the list of protected species in 1991?
(a) Insects
(b) Fishes
(c) Plants
(d) Reptiles
(c) Plants
Q 52 – Which of the following is not one of the reasons for the depletion of forests?
(a) Mining
(b) Multi-purpose river valley projects
(c) Grazing
(d) Creation of shelterbelts
(d) Creation of shelterbelts
Q 53 – Which one of the following states has the largest area under permanent forests?
(a) Bihar
(b) Kerala
(c) Madhya Pradesh
(d) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Madhya Pradesh
Q 54 – In which of the following states is Bandhavgarh National Park located?
(a) Gujarat
(b) Assam
(c) Madhya Pradesh
(d) Kerala
(c) Madhya Pradesh
Q 55 – Which one of the following is not considered a sacred tree in India?
(a) Peepal
(b) Neem
(c) Banyan
(d) Mango
(b) Neem
Q 56 – Sariska wildlife sanctuary is located in which state?
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Gujarat
(d) West Bengal
(a) Rajasthan
Q 57 – Which species of fauna are found in an area separated by natural or geographical barriers?
(a) Rare
(b) Extinct
(c) Vulnerable
(d) Endemic
(d) Endemic
Q 58 – Which of the following two factors are majorly responsible for the depletion of forest resources?
(a) Mining of fuel-wood collection
(b) Mining and grazing
(c) Flood and Grazing
(d) Grazing and fuel-wood collection
(d) Grazing and fuel-wood collection
Q 59 –Between 1951 and 1980, according to the Forest Survey of India, over ………………. sq. km of forest
the area was converted into agricultural land all over India.
(a) 25,200
(b) 26,200
(c) 27,200
(d) 28,200
(b) 26,200
Q 60 –The Bua Tiger Reserve is in the state of:
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Bihar
(c) Uttar Pradesh
(d) West Bengal
(d) West Bengal
Q 61 –The two greatest degrading factors behind the depletion of forest resources are:
(a) Mining and grazing
(b) Floods and grazing
(c) Mining and fuel-wood collection
(d) Grazing and fuel-wood collection
(d) Grazing and fuel-wood
collection
Q 62 –The Himalayan Yew is a medicinal plant found in various parts of:
(а) Punjab and Haryana
(b) Jammu and Kashmir
(c) Punjab and Himachal Pradesh
(d) Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
(d) Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Q 63 –An average American consumes ……………. times more resources than an average Somalian.
(a) 10
(b) 20
(c) 30
(d) 40
(d) 40
Q 64 –Conservation preserves the ecological diversity and which of our life support systems:
(a) Water, air, and food
(b) Water, air, and clothes
(c) Water, air, and temperature
(d) Water, air, and soil
(d) Water, air, and soil
Q 65–The Indian Wildlife Act was implemented in:
(a) 1961
(b) 1971
(c) 1962
(d) 1972
(d) 1972
Q 66 – One of the key wildlife species in the faunal web is:
(a) Elephant
(b) Lion
(c) Tiger
(d) Fox
(c) Tiger
‘Q 67 – Project Tiger’ was launched in:
(a) 1971
(b) 1972
(c) 1973
(d) 1974
(c) 1973
Q 68 –The total number of tiger reserves in India are:
(a) 23
(b) 24
(c) 26
(d) 27
(d) 27
Q 69 – Periyar Tiger Reserve is in the state of:
(a) Assam
(b) West Bengal
(c) Kerala
(d) Haryana
(c) Kerala
Q 70 –The forests which are regarded as the most valuable as far as the conservation of forest and wildlife resources are concerned are called:
(a) Protected forests
(b) Reserved forests
(c) Unclassed forests
(d) Private forests
(b) Reserved forests