Q 1 – Which of the following best explains why biodiversity is considered essential for maintaining ecological balance?
A. It ensures that only economically valuable species survive
B. It maintains interconnected food chains and ecological processes
C. It prevents all natural disasters
D. It eliminates competition among species
B. It maintains interconnected food chains and ecological processes
Q 2 – According to the NCERT classification, species whose population levels are considered normal for their survival are known as:
A. Endangered species
B. Vulnerable species
C. Normal species
D. Rare species
C. Normal species
Q 3 – Which of the following is the most appropriate distinction between endangered and vulnerable species?
A. Endangered species are already extinct, while vulnerable species are endangered
B. Endangered species face a very high risk of extinction, while vulnerable species may become endangered in the near future
C. Vulnerable species are found only in forests
D. There is no difference between the two categories
B. Endangered species face a very high risk of extinction, while vulnerable species may become endangered in the near future
Q 4 – The Asiatic cheetah is cited in NCERT as an example of a species that is:
A. Extinct
B. Endangered
C. Rare
D. Normal
A. Extinct
Q 5 – Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?
A. Asiatic lion — Extinct
B. Blackbuck — Rare
C. Andaman wild pig — Endangered
D. Himalayan brown bear — Normal
C. Andaman wild pig — Endangered
Q 6 – Which factor has contributed significantly to the depletion of forest and wildlife resources in India?
A. Expansion of agriculture
B. Reduction in population
C. Decline in industrialisation
D. Increase in natural vegetation
A. Expansion of agriculture
Q 7 – The expansion of railways, agriculture, commercial and scientific forestry, and mining during the colonial period primarily resulted in:
A. Increase in natural forests
B. Large-scale depletion of forest resources
C. Complete protection of wildlife
D. Expansion of community forests
B. Large-scale depletion of forest resources
Q 8 – Why did colonial forest policies particularly affect the lives of forest-dependent communities?
A. Forest communities were given exclusive ownership of forests
B. Traditional access and customary rights over forests were restricted
C. Agriculture was completely prohibited outside forests
D. Wildlife hunting was completely abolished
B. Traditional access and customary rights over forests were restricted
Q 9 – Which of the following best describes commercial forestry?
A. Growing forests mainly to preserve biodiversity
B. Managing forests primarily for the production of commercially valuable timber and other resources
C. Protecting forests exclusively through local communities
D. Allowing forests to regenerate without human intervention
B. Managing forests primarily for the production of commercially valuable timber and other resources
Q 10 – Which of the following is a major reason for the loss of wildlife besides habitat destruction?
A. Excessive hunting and poaching
B. Increase in protected areas
C. Expansion of wildlife sanctuaries
D. Community participation
A. Excessive hunting and poaching
Q 11 – The Chipko Movement is significant in the history of forest conservation because it:
A. Promoted commercial logging
B. Encouraged local communities to resist the cutting of trees
C. Promoted hunting of wild animals
D. Introduced scientific forestry in India
B. Encouraged local communities to resist the cutting of trees
Q 12 – The participation of local communities in forest conservation is particularly important because:
A. Communities have no dependence on forests
B. Local people often possess traditional knowledge and have a direct stake in forest resources
C. Government agencies cannot legally enter forests
D. Forests are economically useless to local communities
B. Local people often possess traditional knowledge and have a direct stake in forest resources
Q 13 – Which of the following statements about Project Tiger is correct?
A. It was launched to increase commercial hunting of tigers
B. It was initiated to protect the tiger population and its habitat
C. It focused exclusively on protecting forest trees
D. It aimed to relocate all tigers outside India
B. It was initiated to protect the tiger population and its habitat
Q 14 – Why is protecting the tiger’s habitat important for tiger conservation?
A. Tigers can survive independently of their prey and habitat
B. A viable tiger population requires adequate habitat and prey availability
C. Tigers depend only on human settlements
D. Habitat has no relationship with wildlife survival
B. A viable tiger population requires adequate habitat and prey availability
Q 15 – Which of the following situations is most likely to convert a vulnerable species into an endangered species?
A. Protection of its habitat
B. Controlled use of forest resources
C. Continued habitat destruction and hunting
D. Creation of wildlife sanctuaries
C. Continued habitat destruction and hunting
Explanation: Continued habitat loss and hunting can reduce populations to dangerously low levels.
Q 16 – Why does the destruction of one species sometimes affect several other species?
A. Ecosystems contain no interdependence.
B. Species are connected through food chains and ecological relationships.
C. Every species depends only on humans.
D. All species have identical habitats.
B. Species are connected through food chains and ecological relationships.
Explanation: Changes in one species can affect predators, prey and other organisms because ecosystems are interconnected.
Q 17 – Which of the following best explains the importance of forests to local communities?
A. Forests provide only timber for industries.
B. Forests provide resources such as fuelwood, fodder, food and other products.
C. Forests have no economic importance for rural communities.
D. Forests are used exclusively for wildlife tourism.
B. Forests provide resources such as fuelwood, fodder, food and other products.
Explanation: Many local and forest-dependent communities rely on forests for fuelwood, fodder, food and other forest products.
Q 18 – The forests which are regarded as the most valuable as far as the conservation of forest and wildlife resources are concerned are called:
(a) Protected forests
(b) Reserved forests
(c) Unclassed forests
(d) Private forests
(b) Reserved forests
Q 19 – In which of the following tiger reserves have the local communities fought for conservation of the forests?
(a) Manas Tiger Reserve
(b) Periyar Tiger Reserve
(c) Simlipal Bio Reserve
(d) Sariska Tiger Reserve
(d) Sariska Tiger Reserve
Q 20 – The forest cover in our country has recently increased due to:
(a) Increase in natural forest growth
(b) Increase in net sown area
(c) Plantation by different agencies
(d) None of the above
(c) Plantation by different agencies
Q 21 – Which one among the following are not a part of the complex web of an ecological system?
(a) Plants
(b) Animals
(c) Computers
(d) Humans
(c) Computers
Q 22 – Substantial parts of the tribal belts in north¬eastern India, have been deforested by:
(a) Shifting cultivation
(b) Mining
(c) Infrastructure development
(d) None of the above
(a) Shifting cultivation
Q 23 – Extensive planting of a single commercially valuable species is called:
(a) Jhumming
(b) Intensive subsistence farming
(c) Mixed farming
(d) Enrichment plantation
(d) Enrichment plantation
Q 24 – Determination of the different categories of existing plant and animal species are based on which of the following agencies?
(a) The State Forest Department
(b) International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN).
(c) Forest Survey of India
(d) Earth Summit
(b) International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN).
Q 25 – Chir Pine plantations in the Himalayas have replaced the:
(a) Himalayan Oak and Rhododendron
(b) Teak and Sal
(c) Babul and Mexican kikar
(d) None of the above
(a) Himalayan Oak and Rhododendron
Q 26 – Which one of the following is not responsible for the decline in India’s biodiversity?
(a) Mining activities
(b) Hunting and poaching
(c) Forest fire
(d) Afforestation
(d) Afforestation
Q 27 –
Q 28 – Which one of the following is not a direct outcome of environmental destruction?
(a) Biological loss
(b) Loss of cultural diversity
(c) Severe droughts
(d) River Valley Projects
(c) Severe droughts
Q 29 – Sacred Groves are:
(a) parts of large forests that have been left untouched by the local people.
(b) places for grazing animals.
(c) forests earmarked for commercial felling of trees.
(d) forests used for planting trees with medicinal properties.
(a) parts of large forests that have been left untouched by the local people.
Q 30 – Which of the following is a species of grass categorized as a ‘critical’ species among the threatened list of flora and fauna?
(a) Madhuca insignis
(b) Tamarindus indica
(c) Hubbardia heptaneuron
(d) Mangifera indica
(c) Hubbardia heptaneuron
Q 32 – The Gangetic dolphin belongs to which of the following categories of fauna?
(a) Endangered species
(b) Vulnerable species
(c) Rare species
(d) Extinct species
(b) Vulnerable species
Q 33 – Which of these statements is not a valid reason for the depletion of flora and fauna?
(a) Agricultural expansion
(b) Large-scale development projects
(c) Grazing and fuelwood collection
(d) Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation
(d) Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation
Q 34 – In which of the following years was the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act implemented?
(a) 1962
(b) 1972
(c) 1992
(d) 1999
(b) 1972
Q 35 – Which of the following conservation strategies do not directly involve community participation? (Textbook)
(a) Joint forest management
(b) Beej Bachao Andolan
(c) Chipko Movement
(d) Demarcation of Wildlife Sanctuaries
(d) Demarcation of Wildlife Sanctuaries
Q 36 – Which of the following species was declared extinct in India long back in 1952?
(a) Leopard
(b) Gangetic dolphin
(c) Blackbuck
(d) Asiatic cheetah
(d) Asiatic cheetah
Q 37 – Which one of the following is the example of endemic species?
(a) Asiatic elephant
(b) Gangetic dolphin
(c) Mithun
(d) Asiatic Cheetah
(c) Mithun
Q 38 – India has nearly …………… percent of the total number of species in the world
(a) 5
(b) 10
(c) 8
(d) 2
(c) 8
Q 39 – Cleaning of forests is still continuing in Madhya Pradesh mainly due to which of the following reasons?
(a) Dolomite mining
(b) Commercial plantations
(c) Industrialisaiton and urbanisation
(d) Narmada Sagar (River Valley) Project
(d) Narmada Sagar (River Valley) Project
Q 40 – When was Asiatic Cheetah declared extinct in India?
(a) in 1958
(b) in 1989
(c) in 1922
(d) in 1952
(d) in 1952
Q 41 – Who among the following is in charge of the management of forests and wildlife resources of India?
(a) World Wildlife Foundation
(b) Geological Survey of India
(c) Forest Department
(d) Non-government organizations
(c) Forest Department
Q 42 – The Buxa Tiger Reserve is situated in which of the following states?
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(b) West Bengal
(c) Gujarat
(d) Orissa
(b) West Bengal
Q 43 – Which one of the following movements is not associated with the protection of trees?
(a) Chipko Movement
(b) Navdanya Andolan
(c) Project Tiger
(d) Beej Bachao Andolan
(c) Project Tiger
Q 44 – What is the Himalayan Yew?
(a) A type of deer
(b) A medicinal plant
(c) A species of bird
(d) A food crop is grown in the Himalayas
(b) A medicinal plant
Q 45 – Sunderban National Park is located in which state?
(a) Assam
(b) West Bengal
(c) Tripura
(d) Gujarat
(b) West Bengal
Q 46 – In which of the following years was the ‘Project Tiger’ launched?
(a) 1951
(b) 1973
(c) 1993
(d) 2009
(b) 1973
Q 47 – Which one of the following belongs to vulnerable species?
(a) Blackbuck
(b) Crocodile
(c) Indian rhino
(d) Blue sheep
(d) Blue sheep
Q 48 – In which of the following states, a very high percentage of its forests is managed by local communities?
(a) Jammu and Kashmir
(b) Arunachal Pradesh
(c) Andhra Pradesh
(d) Himachal Pradesh
(b) Arunachal Pradesh
Q 49 – What was the aim of Chipko Movement?
(a) Human rights
(b) Political rights
(c) Agriculture expansion
(d) Forest conservation
(d) Forest conservation
Q 50 – Which of the following states has the largest area under permanent forests?
(a) Jammu and Kashmir
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Uttarakhand
(d) Maharashtra
(b) Madhya Pradesh
Q 51 – Which of the following species was included for the first time in the list of protected species in 1991?
(a) Insects
(b) Fishes
(c) Plants
(d) Reptiles
(c) Plants
Q 52 – Which of the following is not one of the reasons for the depletion of forests?
(a) Mining
(b) Multi-purpose river valley projects
(c) Grazing
(d) Creation of shelterbelts
(d) Creation of shelterbelts
Q 53 – Which one of the following states has the largest area under permanent forests?
(a) Bihar
(b) Kerala
(c) Madhya Pradesh
(d) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Madhya Pradesh
Q 54 – In which of the following states is Bandhavgarh National Park located?
(a) Gujarat
(b) Assam
(c) Madhya Pradesh
(d) Kerala
(c) Madhya Pradesh
Q 55 – Which one of the following is not considered a sacred tree in India?
(a) Peepal
(b) Neem
(c) Banyan
(d) Mango
(b) Neem
Q 56 – Sariska wildlife sanctuary is located in which state?
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Gujarat
(d) West Bengal
(a) Rajasthan
Q 57 – Which species of fauna are found in an area separated by natural or geographical barriers?
(a) Rare
(b) Extinct
(c) Vulnerable
(d) Endemic
(d) Endemic
Q 58 – Which of the following two factors are majorly responsible for the depletion of forest resources?
(a) Mining of fuel-wood collection
(b) Mining and grazing
(c) Flood and Grazing
(d) Grazing and fuel-wood collection
(d) Grazing and fuel-wood collection
Q 59 –Between 1951 and 1980, according to the Forest Survey of India, over ………………. sq. km of forest
the area was converted into agricultural land all over India.
(a) 25,200
(b) 26,200
(c) 27,200
(d) 28,200
(b) 26,200
Q 60 –The Bua Tiger Reserve is in the state of:
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Bihar
(c) Uttar Pradesh
(d) West Bengal
(d) West Bengal
Q 61 –The two greatest degrading factors behind the depletion of forest resources are:
(a) Mining and grazing
(b) Floods and grazing
(c) Mining and fuel-wood collection
(d) Grazing and fuel-wood collection
(d) Grazing and fuel-wood
collection
Q 62 –The Himalayan Yew is a medicinal plant found in various parts of:
(а) Punjab and Haryana
(b) Jammu and Kashmir
(c) Punjab and Himachal Pradesh
(d) Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
(d) Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Q 63 –An average American consumes ……………. times more resources than an average Somalian.
(a) 10
(b) 20
(c) 30
(d) 40
(d) 40
Q 64 –Conservation preserves the ecological diversity and which of our life support systems:
(a) Water, air, and food
(b) Water, air, and clothes
(c) Water, air, and temperature
(d) Water, air, and soil
(d) Water, air, and soil
Q 65–The Indian Wildlife Act was implemented in:
(a) 1961
(b) 1971
(c) 1962
(d) 1972
(d) 1972
Q 66 – One of the key wildlife species in the faunal web is:
(a) Elephant
(b) Lion
(c) Tiger
(d) Fox
(c) Tiger
‘Q 67 – Project Tiger’ was launched in:
(a) 1971
(b) 1972
(c) 1973
(d) 1974
(c) 1973
Q 68 –The total number of tiger reserves in India are:
(a) 23
(b) 24
(c) 26
(d) 27
(d) 27
Q 69 – Periyar Tiger Reserve is in the state of:
(a) Assam
(b) West Bengal
(c) Kerala
(d) Haryana
(c) Kerala