NCERT SOLUTIONS FOR CLASS 8 SCIENCE COAL AND PETROLEUM CHAPTER 5

Question 1.
What are the advantages of using CNG and LPG as fuels?

The advantages of using CNG and LPG as fuels are:

  • They burn with a smokeless flame and so does not cause any pollution.
  • They leave no ash on burning.
  • They are easy to handle and convenient to store.

Question 2.
Name the petroleum product used for surfacing of roads.

Bitumen

Question 3.
Describe how coal is formed from dead vegetation. What is this process called?

Millions of years ago, trees, plants, ferns and forests got buried below the rocks, soil and sand due to natural processes like flooding, earthquake, etc. Slowly, as more soil deposited over them, they were compressed. This led to the conditions of high pressure and heat. These conditions along with the anaerobic conditions turned the carbon-enriched organic matter of wood into coal.
This slow process of conversion of wood into coal is called carbonisation.

Question 4.
Fill in the blanks.
(a) Fossils fuels are ____ , ____ and ____
(b) Process of separation of different constituents from petroleum is called ______
(c) Least polluting fuel for vehicle is ______

(a) coal, petroleum, natural gas
(b) refining
(c) CNG

Question 5.
Tick True/False against the following statements.
(a) Fossil fuels can be made in the laboratory.
(b) CNG is more polluting fuel than petrol.
(c) Coke is an almost pure form of carbon.
(d) Coal tar is a mixture of various substances.
(e) Kerosene is not a fossil fuel.

(a) False
(b) False
(c) True
(d) True
(e) False

Question 6.
Explain why fossil fuels are exhaustible natural resources.

Fossil fuels take millions of years to be formed. They are limited in nature and cannot be replenished easily, once consumed. Hence, they are considered as exhaustible natural resources.

Question 7.
Describe the characteristics and uses of coke.

Characteristics of coke: Coke is 98% pure carbon. It is a tough, porous and black substance. It pro-duces a very little smoke.
Uses of coke: Coke is very useful as fuel. It is a good reducing agent. It is widely used in metallurgical processes to reduce metals from their oxides. It is used for producing water gas.

Question 8.
Explain the process of the formation of petroleum.

Petroleum is formed by the burial of aquatic plants and animals below the sea bed. The marine animals and plants died thousands of years ago and settled down in the bottom of sea. In anaerobic conditions, microorganisms decompose this organic matter. Due to high pressure and heat, the dead remains of tiny plants and animals were slowly converted into petroleum.

Question 9.
The following table shows the total power shortage in India from 2004-2010. Show the data in the form of a graph. Piet shortage percentage for the years on the y-axis and the year on the x-axis.

S. No. Year Shortage (%)
1 2004 7.8
2 2005 8.6
3 2006 9.0
4 2007 9.5
5 2008 9.9
6 2009 11.2
7 2010 10.0

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 5 Materials Coal and Petroleum Q9

Make a list of various materials used by us in daily life and classify them as natural and man-made.
Solution:

Natural Man-made
Air Clothes
Sunlight Plastics
Water Fan
Minerals Cement
Forests Cosmetics


Take some containers. Fill them with popcorn/peanuts/roasted gram/tof¬fees. Divide students into groups of seven each. Further divide each group into three subgroups containing 1, 2 and 4 students. Label them as first, second and third generation respectively.
These sub-groups represent the consumers. As population is growing, second and third generations have larger number of consumers.
Put one full container for each group on a table. Ask consumers of the first generation from each group to consume eatables from the container of their group. Now, ask the second generation consumers from each group to do the same. Ask students to observe carefully the availability of eatables in each container. If something is left in the containers, ask third generation from each group to consume it. Now, finally observe whether all the consumers of the third generation got the eatables or not. Also observe if anything is still left in any of the containers.
Solution:
Students should perform this activity themselves in their classroom.

Question 10.
Name the petroleum product used for surfacing of roads.

Bitumen.

Question 11.
What is the slow process of conversion of dead vegetation into coal called ?

Carbonisation.

Question 12.
Fill in the blanks :

  • Fossil fuels are ……, ……. and ……..
  • Process of separation of different constituents from petroleum is called ………
  • Least polluting fuel for vehicle is ………..
  • coal, petroleum, natural gas
  • refining
  • CNG.

Question 13.
Tick True/False against the following statements :

  1. Fossil fuels can be made in the laboratory. (T/F)
  2. CNG is more polluting fuel than petrol. (T/F)
  3. Coke is almost pure form of carbon. (T/F)
  4. Coal tar is a mixture of various substances. (T/F)
  5. Kerosene is not a fossil fuel. (T/F)
  1. False
  2. False
  3. True
  4. True
  5. False

Question 14.
Explain why fossil fuels are exhaustible natural resources.

Fossil fuels are exhaustible natural resources because they will be exhausted by human activities as they are limited in nature.

Question 15.
What are natural resources ?

Material obtained from nature are called natural resources.

Question 16.
Classify the following as exhaustible and inexhaustible natural resources- air, sunlight, water, forests, wildlife, coal.

Exhaustible resources – forests, wildlife, coal
Inexhaustible resources – air, sunlight, water.

Question 17.
Define carbonisation.

The slow process of conversion of dead vegetation into coal is called carbonisation.

Question 18.
What name is given to the process of heating a substance in absence of air ?

Destructive Distillation.

Question 19.
How is coke obtained ?

Coke is obtained by heating coal in the absence of air.

Question 20.
How is coal tar formed ?

When destructive distillation of coal is done, the vapours which condense in the water form coal tar.

Question 21.
Why is petroleum called a fossil fuel ?

Petroleum is called a fossil fuel as it is obtained from the bodies of dead organisms.

Question 22.
How is natural gas formed ?

Natural gas is formed below the earth’s surface. It is formed above the petroleum.

Question 23.
Write down any four amorphous forms of carbon.

Amorphous forms of carbon – coal, charcoal, coke, and lamp black.

Question 24.
Explain the process of formation of petroleum ? Name two places in India where it is found.

Petroleum is formed by the decomposition of aquatic plants and animal remains. In India, petroleum is obtained from oil wells in Assam and Bombay High.

Question 25.
Distinguish between inexhaustible and exhaustible natural resources.

Exhaustible resources – forests, wildlife, coal
Inexhaustible resources – air, sunlight, water.

Question 26.
Why are coal and petroleum known as fossil fuels ?

Coal and petroleum are formed from the dead remains of living organisms that is why they are called fossils fuels.

Question 27.
Give two characteristics of coal.

Coal is hard and is of black in colour.

Question 28.
Define destructive distillation. Name the residue formed by destructive distillation of coal.

The process of separating the different fractions of petroleum is known as refining and it is carried out in a refinery.

Question 29.
Give two uses of diesel.

Diesel is used as fuel for heavy motor vehicles and in electric generators.

Question 30.
How can petrol be used ?

Petrol can be used as a motor fuel, aviation fuel and as solvent for dry cleaning.

Question 31.
How can bitumen be used ?

Bitumen can be used for making paints and for surfacing the roads.

Question 32.
Why is petroleum also knbwn as ‘black gold’ ?

Due to its great commercial importance, petroleum is known as ‘black gold’.

Question 33.
Can we make coal and petroleum in the laboratory from dead organisms ?

No, their formation is a very slow process and conditions for their formation cannot be reached in the laboratory.

Question 34.
Give two disadvantages of using fossil fuels.

Fossil fuels cause air pollution and global warming.

Question 35.
Why should the fossil fuels be used with care ?

If we use fossil fuels carefully, it will result in better environment, less risk of global warming and they will be available for a longer period.

Question 36.
What is meant by fractional distillation ? What is the principle on which it is based ?

Petroleum is mixture of various hydrocarbons having different boiling points. As the number of carbon atoms increase, the boiling point also increases. This property is used to separate the different components of petroleum and is known as fractional distillation.

Question 37.
Name some places in India where natural gas has been found.

In India natural gas is found in Tripura, Jaisalmer and in the offshore of Mumbai and in Krishna Godavari delta.

Question 38.
Give two advantages of judicious use of energy ?

he advantages of judicious use of energy are :

  • It will delay the energy crisis.
  • It will give the scientists more time to develop more efficient alternate sources of energy.

Question 39.
Define the term fossil fuel. Name two fossil fuels.

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Question 40.
State one use of each of the following :

  • Charcoal
  • Bone Charcoal
  • Coke.

Use:

  • Charcoal : Fuel.
  • Bone Charcoal : Purification of brown coloured sugarcane juice in the manufacture of sugar.
  • Coke : Used as a reducing agent in the extraction of metals.

Question 41.

  1. Name the products obtained when coal is heated in the absence of air.
  2. Write any two uses of its products.
  1. Coke is formed when coal is heated in absence of air.
  2. Coke is used :
    • As a fuel.
    • As a reducing agent in the extraction of metals.

Question 42.
(a) Give the full form of
(i) LPG
(ii) CNG.
(b) How is petroleum gas obtained ?

(a) (i) LPG — Liquefied Petroleum Gas.
(ii) CNG — Compressed Natural Gas.
(b) Petroleum gas is obtained during fractional distillation of petroleum.

Question 43.
Draw diagram to show petroleum and natural gas deposit.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 5 Materials Coal and Petroleum 3 Marks Q5

Question 44.
What are ‘Petrochemicals’ ? Give the uses of petrochemicals obtained from petroleum.

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Question 45.
Name some places where natural gas is found in India. How many reserves are of natural gas ?

In India, natural gas has been formed in Tripura, in the Krishna Godavari delta. In India, there are over 100 billion cubic metre reserves of natural gas.

Question 46.
Describe characteristics and uses of coke.

Characteristics of coke are :

  • it is tough.
  • it is porous
  • it is pure form of carbon.

Coke is used for extraction of metals and in the manufacture of steel.

Question 47.

  1. What is CNG ? Give its one use.
  2. From which natural substance are liquid fuels formed ?
  3. Which gas is the main constituent of LPG ?
  4. How was petroleum formed in nature ?
  5. Why do green leaves not catch fire easily ?
  1. CNG — Compressed Natural Gas. It is used as a fuel.
  2. All liquid fuels are formed from petroleum.
  3. Butane is the main constituent of LPG.
  4. Petroleum was formed by the sedimentation of dead remains of microscopic marine plants and animals, which were buried under the surface of the earth, millions of years ago.
  5. Green leaves do not catch fire easily because they contain moisture.

Question 48.

  1. How have fossil fuels been formed ?
  2. Why are fossil fuels non-renewable sources of energy ?
  3. Why is smelling agent added to LPG ?
  4. Give one reason why LPG is a better fuel than coal.
  5. Give one advantage of modem chullah over traditional chullah.
  1. They have been formed by decomposition of pre-historic plants and animals buried under the Earth’s crust millions of years ago.
  2. Fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy because once exhausted they cannot be re-created in a short period of time.
  3. Smelling agent is added to LPG to detect the leakage of gas as LPG is colourless and odourless gas.
  4. LPG is a better fuel than coal because :
    • It does not cause pollution.
    • It has high calorific value.
    • It has low ignition temperature. (Any one)
  5. Advantages of Modem Chullah over Traditional Chullah :
    • High efficiency.
    • Causes less pollution.
    • Consumes less fuel.

Question 49.
The following table shows the total power shortage in India from 1991-1997. Show the data in the form of a graph. Plot shortage percentage for the years on Y-axis and the year on the X-axis. 

S. No. Year Shortage (% age)
1 1991 7.9
2 1992 7.8
3 1993 8.3
4 1994 7.4
5 1995 7.1
6 1996 9.2
7 1997 11.5

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 5 Materials Coal and Petroleum 5 Marks Q3

Question 50.
Name the agency in India who advises people how to save petrol/diesel. What tips are given by them ?

In India, the Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA) advises people how to save petrol/diesel while driving.
Their tips are :

  • Drive at a constant and moderate speed.
  • Switch off the engine at traffic lights.
  • Ensure correct tyre pressure.
  • Ensure regular maintenance of the vehicle.
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