Q 1 – Which two hills are located in the southeast of Eastern Ghats? (1 Marks)
(a) Mizo Hills and Naga Hills
(b) Javadi Hills and Shevroy Hills
(c) Patkoi Hills and Manipuri Hills
(d) Mizo Hills and Patkoi Hills
Ans– (b) Javadi Hills and Shevroy Hills
Q 2 – A landmass bounded by sea on three sides is referred to as (1 Marks)
(a) Coast
(b) Island
(c) Peninsula
(d) None of the above
Ans– (c) Peninsula
Q 3 – Which river flows between Jhelum and Ravi?(1 Marks)
(a) Chenab
(b) Beas
(c) Sone
(d) Kosi
Ans– (a) Chenab
Q 4 – Lake Chilika lies in the state of (1 Marks)
(a) Jharkhand
(b) Telangana
(c) Odisha
(d) Tamil Nadu
Ans – (c) Odisha
Q 5 – The highest peak in the Eastern Ghats is (1 Marks)
(a) Anai Mudi
(b) Kanchenjunga
(c) Mahendragiri
(d) Khasi
Ans– (d) Mahendragiri
Q 6 – Which of the following ranges are not part of the Lesser Himalayas (1 Marks)
or Himachal?
(a) Pir Panjal
(b) Dhaula Dhar
(c) Mahabharat
(d) Kamet
Ans – (d) Kamet
Q 7 – According to the ‘Theory of Plate Tectonics,’ the movement of the
plates result in some geological activity. Which one of the following is not such a geological activity? (1 Marks)
(a) Volcanic activity
(b) Folding
(c) Faulting
(d) Glaciation
Ans – (d) Glaciation
Q 8 – According to the ‘Theory of Plate Tectonics,’ when some plates move away from each other, which of the following is formed?(1 Marks)
(a) Convergent boundary
(b) Divergent boundary
(c) Transform boundary
(d) None of the above
Ans– (b) Divergent boundary
Q 9 – The highest peak in the Eastern Ghats is (1 Marks)
(a) Anai Mudi
(b) Doda Betta
(c) Ooty
(d) Mahendragiri
Ans – (d) Mahendragiri
Q 10 – The Nepal Himalayas lies between: (1 Marks)
(a) Indus and Satluj
(b) Satluj and Kali
(c) Kali and Tista
(d) Tista and Dihang
Ans – (c) Kali and Tista
Q 11 – Which of the following is responsible for the variation in the colour of the soil in different parts of India? (1 Marks)
(a) Difference in rock formations
(b) Weathering
(c) Erosion and deposition
(d) Land use
Ans – (a) Difference in rock formations
Q 12 – Mention the three distinct features of Aravali hills. (3 Marks)
Ans – The three distinct features of Aravali hills are:
(a) It lies on the western and northwestern margins of the peninsular plateau.
(b) These hills appeared as broken hills as they got highly eroded.
(c) In a southwest to northeast direction, Aravali hills extended from Gujarat to Delhi.
Q 13 – Which are the three main ranges of the Himalayas? (3 Marks)
Ans – The Himalayas have three ranges which run almost parallel to each other. The distance between these ranges is wider in the west and becomes narrow in the east.
These ranges are—
- the Outer Himalayas or the Shiwalik Range
- the Middle Himalayas or the Himachal Range and
- the Inner or Great Himalayas or the Himadri
Q 14 – What do you mean Great Himalayas? Write its two characteristics. (3 Marks)
Ans – The northernmost range of the Himalayas is known as the Great or Inner Himalayas or the Himadri.
(a) It is the most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks with an average height of 6000 meters. It contains all prominent Himalayan peaks.
(b) Its folds are asymmetrical in nature and its core is composed of granite rock. It is perennially snow-bound, and several glaciers descend from this range.
Q 15 – Write a short note on ‘coral polyps’. (3 Marks)
Ans – Coral polyps are short-lived microscopic organisms, which live in colonies. They flourish in shallow, mud-free and warm waters. They secrete hard rock-like substances. The coral secretion and their skeletons from coral deposits are in the form of reefs.
They are mainly of three kinds—barrier reef, fringing reef, and atolls. The Great Barrier Reef of Australia is a good example of the first kind of coral reef. Atolls are circular or horseshoe-shaped coral reefs.
Q 16 – Mention divisions of Northern Plains marked by rivers. (3 Marks)
Ans – The Northern Plains of India are fertile alluvial plains. The division of Northern plains marked by the river are:
(a) Indus Plains: Indus plain formed by River Indus and its tributaries e.g. Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Satluj.
(b) Ganga Plains: The plain formed by River Ganga and its tributaries such as Yamuna, Ghaghara, Gandak, Kosi, etc. It extends between Ghaggar and Teesta rivers. It covers the states of Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal.
(c) Brahmaputra Plains: The plains lie in the east mainly in Assam. These are very narrow plains drained by the Brahmaputra and its tributaries.
Q 17 – Describe the three parallel ranges of the Himalayas. (4 Marks)
Ans – The three parallel ranges of the Himalayas are:
(a) Himadri (Greater or Inner Himalayas): It is the most continuous range of the Himalayas. It has the loftiest peaks with an average height of 6000 metres. For example, Mount Everest is 8848 metres, Kanchenjunga is 8598 metres. The folds of this part are asymmetrical in nature. It is perennially snowing bound and gives rise to a number of perennial rivers e.g. Ganga rises from Gangotri glacier.
(b) Himachal (Lesser Himalayas): These ranges lie south of Himadri and form the most rugged ranges. These ranges are mainly composed of highly compressed and altered rocks. The average height of the lesser Himalayas is between 3700 and 4500 metres. The important ranges are the Pir Panjal, the Dhaula Dhar and the Mahabharat. This range consists of the famous valley of Kashmir, the Kangra and the Kullu Valley. This range is also famous for its hills stations like Mussoorie, Nainital, Ranikhet, Shimla. This range is also famous for its fruit orchards.
(c) Shiwaliks (Outer Himalayas): These ranges extend over a width of 10-50 km and height between 900 and 1100 metres. These ranges are made up of unconsolidated mud and rocks brought down by the Himalayan rivers. These ranges are more prone to
landslides and earthquakes. They are more prominent in the western part of India. The longitudinal valleys lying between the lesser Himalayas and the Shiwaliks are called ‘Duns’ like Dehra dun, Kotli Dun and Path.
Q 18 – Which is the oldest landmass of India? Name its two road divisions and explain any three features of each. (4 Marks)
Ans – The Great Peninsular Plateau lies to the south of the great plains and is, the oldest land mass of India. It is triangular in shape. The river Narmada divides it into two parts:
- The Cental Highlands and
- The Deccan Plateau.
The Central Highlands:
- It is made up of hard igneous and metamorphic rocks.
- It comprises the Malwa Plateau, the small plateau of Bundelkhand and the Chhota Nagpur Plateau while the Western Ghats extend to the west of the Deccan Plateau.
- Chambal, Sind and Betwa are three important rivers which §ow through the Central Highlands.
- It has been’drained by tributaries of Yamuna and Ganga.
- Bundelkhand in southern UP and Baghelkhand in northern Madhya Pradesh.
The Deccan Plateau:
- It is a triangular landmass that lies to the south of river Narmada.
- It is higher in the west and slopes gendy eastwards.
- It is the largest unit of the Peninsular Plateau of India.
- Satpura range, Mahadev hills, Maikal range covers northern edge.
It is the oldest block made up of igneous and metamorphic rocks.
Q 19 – Differentiate between Western Coastal plain and Eastern coastal Plain. (4 Marks)
Ans –
| Eastern Coastal Plains | Western Coastal Plains |
| Eastern Coastal Plain is divided into 2 stretches North and South. The part which is in the South is known as Coromandel Coast and the Northern Stretch of Eastern Coastal Plains is known as Northern Circar. | Western Coastal Plains are divided into 3 different sections. The southern part is known as Malabar Coast, the Central part of the Western Coast is known as the Karavali or Kanara. The Northern Part of the Western Coast is known as Konkan. |
| Eastern Coastal Plain is in between the Bay of Bengal in the East and the Eastern Ghats to its West. | Western Coastal Plain is between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats. |
| Wide Deltas are formed by large rivers on the Eastern Coastal Plains | No Deltas are formed in Western Coastal plains, by small rivers. |
| Eastern Coastal Plain is fertile due to alluvial soil | Except for the Southern Part i.e. Malabar Coast, the Western Coastal Plain is infertile for agricultural purposes. |
| Eastern Coastal Plain is broader | Western Coastal Plains are very narrow |
| Eastern Coastal plain is a level surface | Western Coastal plain is intersected by mountain ridges. |