Q 1. What is globalisation ?
Globalization refers to an economic system that has emerged for the last 50 years or so.
Q 2. Give the ancient name of Tokyo.
Edo
Q 3. What was the name of the oldest printed book in Japan?
Diamond sutra
Q 4. How were human societies interlinked in ancient times?
In ancient times human societies were interlinked by travelers, traders, priests, and pilgrims who traveled vast distances for knowledge, opportunity, and spiritual fulfillment or to escape persecution.
Q 5. Which city of China became the new huh of print culture?
Shanghai
Q 6. Which city of Europe had the breakthrough of the first printing press?
At Strasbourg, Germany
Q 7. Who developed the first printing press in the 1430s?
Johann Gutenberg
Q 8. Which was the earliest active coastal trade link?
As early as 3000 BCE an active coastal trade linked the Indus Valley civilizations with present-day West Asia.
Q 9. Despite the woodblock printing, what factor raised the demand for new technology in print?
There was a great need for quicker and cheaper reproduction of texts therefore; a new faster print technology was needed.
Q 10. Name one earliest form of currency.
Cowries (the Hindi crowd or seashells) were used as a form of currency.
Q 11. Name the Italian who reinterpreted the message of the Bible?
Menocchio reinterpreted the message of the Bible.
Q 12. To which century the long-distance spread of disease-carrying germs may be traced?
Seventh Century.
Q 13. How did Louise Sebastian Mercier interpret the printing press?
He declared “The printing press is the most powerful engine of progress and public opinion is the force that will sweep despotism away.
Q 14. How Biliotheque Blue was different from Chapbooks?
In England, penny chapbooks were published and sold for a penny while in France, low-priced small books were printed on poor quality papers and bound in cheap blue cover and were called ‘Bibliotheque Blue’.
Q 15. Mention one example of vibrant pre-modem trade and cultural links between distant parts of the world.
The silk routes are a good example of vibrant pre-modern trade and cultural links between distant parts of the world.
Q 16. Which brothers of Germany contributed to compiling the text for children?
Grimm Brothers
Q 17. Name two best-known women novelists of Europe who re-defined the picture of women in society.
Jane Austen and Bronte sisters, George Eliot.
Q 18. What does the name ‘silk routes’ point to?
The name ‘silk routes’ points to the importance of West-bound Chinese silk cargoes along the route.
Q 19. When did the first printing press come to India?
The printing press came to India in the mid-sixteenth century.
Q 20. Name the first weekly that appeared in India.
Bengal Gazettes
Q 21. Who took pasta to Sicily ?
Perhaps Arab traders took pasta to fifth-century Sicily, an island now in Italy.
Q 22. Who was the publisher of Sambaed Kumauni in 1821?
The publisher of Sam had Kumauni was Ramous Roy.
Q 23. Name the foods that were introduced in Europe and Asia after the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus.
The foods were potatoes, soya, groundnuts, maize, tomatoes, chilies, and sweet potatoes.
Q 24. Name the autobiography of Rashsundari Devi.
The name of the autobiography of Rashsundari Devi was ‘Amax. Jiban’.
Q 25. Name the book by Kashibaba that had detailed the experiences of poor workers in India.
Kashibaba wrote and published ‘Chute Aura Bade Ka Sewall’ in 1938 on the poor workers of factories.
Q 26. How did Governor-General William Bentinck react to the petition filed by editors of English and vernacular newspapers?
Governor-general Bentinck agreed to revise press laws in 1835.
Q 27. Name the newspaper started by Bal Gangadhar Tikal in India in the 19th century
Cesar
Q 28. What was Vernacular Press Act?
The Vernacular Press Act was passed in 1878 under the Governor Generalship and Viceroyalty of Lord Lytton, for the better control of Indian language newspapers.
Q 29. Why do you think that the chapter ‘Print Culture’ is important to study?
Print culture is important to study because it is a true medium of mass communication like newspapers, journals books, etc. It also helps in the creation of new ideas, thoughts, etc via books magazines, etc.
Q 30. “The imperial state in China was the major producer of printed material.” Support this statement with examples.
- Textbooks for the civil service examination were printed in vast numbers the sponsorship of the imperial state.
- Merchants used to print in their everyday life as they collected trade information.
- The new readership preferred fictional narratives, poetry, romantic plays.
- Rich women began to read and many women began publishing their poetry and plays.
- Wives of scholar-officials published their works and courtesans wrote about their lives.
Q 31. How had the earliest printing technology developed in the world? Explain.
- The earliest kind of print technology was developed in China, Japan, and Korea.
- Up to the 6th century, the print was used only by scholar-officials.
- Then the Buddhist missionaries introduced hand printing technology.
- Marco Polo brought woodblock printing from China to Italy.
- The invention of the printing press proved a great miracle in spreading knowledge.
Q 32. Highlight any three contributions of Johann Gutenberg towards the printing press.
- Johann Gutenberg developed the first known printing press in the 1430$ at Strasbourg, Germany.
- Gutenberg learnt the art of polishing stones, became a master goldsmith, and also acquired the expertise to create lead moulds used for making trinkets.
- Gutenberg developed metal types for each of the 26 characters of the Roman alphabet and devised a way of moving them around so as to compose different words of the text.
- The first book he printed was the Bible. About 180 copies were printer’ and it took three years to produce them. By the standards of the time this was fast production. Gutenberg s Bible was the first printed book in Europe.
Q 33. Describe any three difficulties in copying manuscripts.
The main three difficulties in copying manuscripts were as follows:
- The copying of manuscript was an expensive, laborious and time consuming business.
- There was one more problem. The manuscripts were fragile, awkward to handle. They could not be easily carried around or read easily.
- When scribes copied manuscripts, they also introduced small changes in word here and there.
- Repeatedly these changes made the text substantially different from the original.
Q 34. What is vellum? What was its use in Europe?
- Vellum refers to a parchment made from calfskin. This animal-based vellum in its time was the most valued kind of writing surface available.
- In Europe, luxury editions were handwritten on very expensive vellum meant for aristocratic
- circles and rich monastic libraries which scoffed at printed books as cheap vulgarities.
- It was prepared for writing or printing to produce single pages scrolls or books
Q 35. What was Protestant Reformation?
- In 1517, religious reformer Martin Luther wrote `Ninety-Five Theses’ criticizing any practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church. A printed copy of this was pasted t a Church door in Witten erg. It challenged the church to debate his ideas.
- Luther’s writings were immediately reproduced in vast numbers and read widely.
- This led to a division within the Church and this was the beginning of the Protestant deformation’.
Q 36. Who was Menocchio? Mention any two contributions of him in the field of print culture in the sixteenth century.
- Menocchio was a miller in Italy.
- He reinterpreted the message of Bible.
- He formulated a view of God and Creation that enraged the Roman Catholic Church.
- Menocchio was hauled two times and ultimately executed.
Q 37.” With the printing press, a new public emerged in Europe”. Justify the statement
- Access to books created a new culture of reading.
- Earlier, reading was restricted to the elites while common people relied only on oral culture i.e.,
- knowledge was transferred orally but now books were available easily.
- It transformed the lives of people changing their relationship to information and knowledge and with institution and authorities. It influenced popular perception and opened up new ways of looking at things.
Q 38. What was the “Reading Mania”? What was its impact on children, women, and workers?
- Unprecedented growth in literacy and so many schools and oduction of books spread reading mania.
- Children’s press was set up in France in 1857.
- New works and old fairy tales and folk tales were published. Women became important readers as well as writers.
- Penny magazines were especially written on behavior and house-keeping.
- Lending libraries emerged for workers. Working classes started writing for themselves.
Q 39. What is a manuscript? Mention any two limitations of it, during the nineteenth century.
- Manuscripts are handwritten copies.
- Manuscripts were highly expensive and fragile.
- They had to be handled carefully and they could not be read easily as he scripts were written in different styles.
Q 40. Explain any three features of handwritten manuscripts in India before the age of print.
- Manuscripts were written in Sanskrit, Arabic, and Persian as well as in various vernacular languages.
- Manuscripts were copied on palm leaves or on handmade paper.
- Pages were sometimes, beautifully illustrated. They would be either pressed between wooden covers or sewn together to ensure preservation.