Q 1 – The Miner’s Friend, a model steam engine, was built by –
(a) Matthew Boulton
(b) James Watt
(c) Thomas Newcomen
(d) Thomas Savery
Q 2 – To drain mines, the Miner’s Friend was invented, in 1698, by
(a) James Watt.
(b) Thomas Savery.
(c) Thomas Newcomen.
(d) Matthew Boulton.
Q 3 – The enclosure movement, which caused hardship to farmers, began in
(a) 1760s.
(b) 1770s.
(c) 1780s.
(d) 1790s.
Q 4 – The first railway line in Britain was constructed in _____ between the cities of Stockholm and
Darlington.
(a) 1822 C.E.
(b) 1824 C.E.
(c) 1825 C.E.
(d) 1827 C.E.
Q 5 – ____ were those laws which prevented the import of cheaper food until prices in Britain had risen to a certain level.
(a) Wheat Laws
(b) Rice Laws
(c) Corn Laws
(d) Lentil Laws
Q 6 – Which one of the following is a machine that greatly contributed to the revolution in the textile industry?
(a) Flying shuttle
(b) Watt steam
(c) The typewriter
(d) The locomotive
Q 7 – To drain mines, the Miner’s Friend was invented, in 1698, by
(a) James Watt
(b) Thomas Savery
(c) Thomas Newcomen
(d) Matthew Boulton
Q 8 – In 1814, the railway engineer George Stephenson constructed a locomotive called
(a) The Butcher
(b) The Puffing Devil
(c) The Pumping Ghost
(d) The Mighty Force
Q 9 – The first Derby invented a _____ in 1709 C.E.
(a) Flying shuttle
(b) Blast Furnace
(c) The typewriter
(d) The locomotive
Q 10 – Initially, canals were built in England to
(a) transport coal to cities
(b) transport food grains
(c) transport people
(d) transport raw cotton
Ans. (a) transport coal to cities
Q 11 – Among the several factors which made Britain the first industrialized country, the one described as a major economic change, in the 18th century, was
(a) Common laws
(b) Single currency and market
(c) Use of money as a medium of exchange
(d) Agricultural Revolution
Ans. (d) Agricultural Revolution
Q 12 – The Miner’s Friend, a model steam engine, was built by
(a) Matthew Boulton
(b) James Watt
(c) Thomas Newcomen
(d) Thomas Savery
Q 13 – By the 1850s, most of Britain was connected by
(a) rivers
(b) railways
(c) canals
(d) roads
Q 14 – The first blast furnace was invented by
(a) Henry Cort
(b) Abraham Darby III
(c) Abraham Darby I
(d) Abraham Darby II
Q 15 – Which one of the following is not true regarding the demands of participants of Luddism?
(a) Fix working hours
(b) Control over women and child labor
(c) Employment for those who had lost their jobs due to coming of machinery
(d) Right to form trade unions to legally present their demands
Ans. (a) Fix working hours
Q 16 – During the little railway mania of 1833-37 in Britain, the total number of railway lines built was
(a) 1400 miles
(b) 1500 miles
(c) 1600 miles
(d) 1700 miles
Q 17 – The transformation of industry and the economy in Britain, between the 1780s and the 1850s, is called the
(a) first industrial revolution
(b) first agricultural revolution
(c) first technological revolution
(d) first communication revolution
Ans. (a) first industrial revolution
Q 18 – Do you think, the businessmen and inventors were ‘ wealthy and educated who had sown the seed of industrialization?
Ans. As per the further individual detail given in this theme, these people were not wealthy and educated but each of them was an exclusive or unique product of perseverance, interest, curiosity, and right time harmony of austere, intuition, and grace of Almighty described as luck, destiny, fate, a lot, etc. It was twin gems of determination intertwined with forbearance duly studded on a ring of zeal to do something new and unique.
Q 19 – What was the foremost factor which had made Britain the founding father of the Industrial Revolution?
Ans. We know that since the seventeenth century, England, Wales, and Scotland were integrated under the regime of Monarchy or Kingship. It was, therefore, politically stable i.e. a precedent notion to capital formation and invest/reinvest operations mandatory for R and D.
Q 20 – How did London become a triangular trade network?
Ans. Mediterranean ports of Italy and France had lost their significance as the center of global trade and it was shifted to the Atlantic ports of Holland and Britain. London became a powerful source of loans for international trade. It became the center of a triangular trade network formed in England, Africa, and the West Indies.
Q 21 – Why is there seen a gap of a few years or decades or even a century between development and its widespread application?
Ans. As the development (physical, mental and emotional) during adolescence and teenage is manifested in a man at his youth or prime and it takes time of at least 15 years, the same way, the developments gradually step forward from planning, gestation, trial, generalization and accomplishment i.e. all scientific and usual processes. For instance, another country would follow any change when its direct advantages are observed, enquired, discussed, and generalized properly up to a certain period of time. Hence, this gap is left.
Q 22 – Why were women and children compelled to work in factories?
Ans. Owing to the use of machines, there were unemployment conditions increasing. The supply of labor was higher than the demand. v Owing to this, wages were not enough to sustain family expenses. Hence, women and children had to supplement the men’s meager wages. Again, the owners of factories preferred to employ women and children because they tolerated poor working conditions and accepted lower wages than men.
Q 23 – How did the reforms take place through laws?
Ans. Initially, laws were passed in 1819 banning the employment of children below nine in factories and fixing 12 hours a day for children between the age of nine and sixteen. However, these were not implemented. Under the Act of 1833, children below nine can be employed only in silk factories, fixed hours of working for children above nine and created the posts of inspectors to ensure implementation. Finally, the Ten Hours Bill was passed and it limited the hours of work for women and children and secured to (ten) hours a day for male workers.
Q 24 – What did the Mines and Collieries Act, 1842 and Fielder’s Factory Act, 1847 do for people working in mines of Britain?
Ans. The Act of 1842 banned children under ten and women from working underground in the mine. The Act of 1847 fixed 10. hours a day for children under eighteen and women. Inspectors were appointed to ensure its implementation but they were bribed by factory managers and this Act too could not see proper implementation.
Q 25 – What has been written by D.H. Lawrence, an essayist and novelist in Britain about the change in villages nearby the mines?
Ans. He states that a village namely East Wood was a small place of the cottage and a dilapidated row of buildings for miners’ dwellings. Those all were colliers during the early nineteenth century but with the installation of new machinery for coal digging, the dwelling places were pulled downs and little shops and new buildings were built for minors’ dwelling on the downslope. These were surrounded by roads.
Q 26 – What kind of description of factories made by Charles Dickens in his novel Hard Times?
Ans. He tells that the face of the industrial town is unnatural red and black like the painted face of a savage. There are machinery and tall chimneys out of which interminable serpents of smoke trailed themselves forever and ever, and never got uncoiled. There were a black canal and river carrying ill-smelling dye with them. Buildings rattle and tremble all over the day and the piston of the steam engine worked up and down like the head of an elephant in a state of melancholy madness.
Q 27 – What is First Industrial Revelation?
Ans. The transformation of industry and the economy in Britain between 1780s and 1850 is called the ‘First industrial revolution.
Q 28 – Explain in detail after growing importance of London at global; level?
Ans.
- By the eighteenth century, the centre of global trade had shifted from the Mediterranean ports of Italy and France to the Atlantic ports of Holland and Britain.
- Still later, London replaced Amsterdam as the principal source of loans for international trade.
- London also became the centre of a triangular trade network that drew in England, Africa and the West Indies.
- The companies trading in America and Asia also had their offices in London.
- In England the movement of goods between markets was helped by a good network of rivers, and an indented coastline with sheltered bays
Q 29 – What wear Coasters?
Ans. Since all the navigable sections of English rivers flow into the sea, cargo on river vessels was easily transferred to coastal ships called coasters.
Q 30 – When was the Bank of England Founded?
Ans.
- The centre of the country’s financial system was the Bank of England (founded in 1694).
- By 1784, there were more than a hundred provincial banks in England, and during the next 10 years their numbers trebled. By the 1820s, there were more than 600 banks in the provinces, and over 100 banks in London alone.