The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Class 10 History Important Questions
Q 1 – What did ‘Das Volk’ stand for?
(a) Democracy
(b) Factory workers
(c) Slum dwellers
(d) Common people
Ans – (d) Common people
German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder (1744-1803) claimed that true German culture was to be discovered among the common people – das volk.
Q 2 – Napoleon invaded Italy in
(a) 1821
(b) 1790s
(c) 1905
(d) 1797
Ans – (d) 1797
Q 3 – Who was proclaimed King of united Italy in 1861?
(a) Victor Emmanuel II
(b) Louis Philippe
(c) Mazzini
(d) Cavour
Ans – Victor Emmanuel II
Q 4 – Which of the following artists painted the image of Germania?
(a) Philip Veit
(b) Frederic Sorrieu
(c) Ernst Renan
(d) Richar M Hoe
Ans – Philip Veit
Q 5 – Which one of the following was not the feature of Napoleonic Code?
(a) Equality before the law
(b) Universal Adult Franchise
(c) Right to Property
(d) Privileges based on birth
Ans– Privileges based on birth
Q 6 – What does a blindfolded woman carrying a pair of weighing scales symbolise ?
(a) Peace
(b) Equality
(c) Justice
(d) Liberty
Ans – Justice
Q 7 – Who was Giuseppe Mazzini?
(a) French Revolutionary
(b) Italian Revolutionary
(c) Russian Revolutionary
(d) None of above
Ans – Italian Revolutionar
Q 8 – Which of the following is true with reference to Romanticism?
(a) Concept of government by consent
(b) Freedom of markets
(c) Cultural movements
(d) Freedom of an individual
Ans- Cultural movements
Q 9 – Define Absolutist?
Ans – Literally, a government or system of rule that has no restraints on the power exercised. In history, the term refers to a form of monarchical government that was centralised, militarised and repressive.
Q 10 – Who was proclaimed German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles in January 1871?
Ans –The Prussian king Kaiser William I, was proclaimed German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles in January 1871.
Q 11 – What is a Modern state?
Ans – The concept and practices of a modern state, in which a centralised power exercised sovereign control over a clearly defined territory.
Q 12 – When did Napoleonic war begin?
Ans – The Napoleonic war began in 1797 when Napoleon invaded Italy.
Q 13 – What was the features of formed in 1834 ?
Ans – In 1834, a customs union or zollverein was formed at the initiative of Prussia and joined by most of the German states.
Q 14 – How was Europe closely allied to the ideology of liberalism?
Ans – In Europe, the educated liberal middle class spearheaded the nationalist movement. They stood for the freedom of individuals and equality of all before the law. Following were the political, social and economic ideas supported by the liberals:
- Political ideas — The ideology of liberalism supported the ideas of national unity and abolition of aristocratic privileges. It also advocated for a constitutional and representative government through parliament. It did not stand for the idea of universal suffrage.
- Social ideas — They supported freedom for the individual and the idea of equality of all before the law.
- Economic ideas — There was freedom of markets and abolition of State-imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital.
- In 1834, a custom union or Zollverein was formed at the initiative of Prussia and it was joined by all German states. Zollverein abolished tariff barriers and reduced the number of currencies.
- The introduction of a system of weights and measures also strengthened the ideology of liberalism.
Q 15 – Describe any five reforms introduced by Napoleon in the territories he conquered.
Ans – Following are the reforms that were introduced by Napoleon:
- The Civil Code of 1804 – known as the Napoleonic Code – did away with all the privileges based on birth, established equality before the law and secured the right to property. This code was exported to regions under French control.
- Napoleon simplified administrative divisions, abolished the feudal system and freed peasants from serfdom and manorial dues in the Dutch Republic, Switzerland, Italy, and Germany. In towns, guild restrictions were removed.
Uniform laws, standard weights, and measures, and a common national currency were introduced to facilitate the movement and exchange of goods and capital from one region to another.
Q 16 – How Culture played an important role in Creating the idea of the Nation?
Ans – Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation: art and poetry, shoes and music helped express and shape nationalist feelings.
Q 17 – What was the idea of Romanticism as per German philosopher “Johann Gottfried Herder”?
Ans – 1. The German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder (1744-1803) claimed that true German culture was to be discovered among the common people – das volk.
2. It was through folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances that the true spirit of the nation (volksgeist) was popularised.
3. So collecting and recording these forms of folk culture was essential to the project of nation-building.
4. The emphasis on vernacular language and the collection of local folklore was not just to recover an ancient national spirit, but also to carry the modern nationalist message to large audiences who were
mostly illiterate.
Q 18 – How was Italy controlled before its become Nation State?
Ans – 1. Italians were scattered over several dynastic states as well as the multi-national Habsburg Empire.
2. During the middle of the nineteenth century, Italy was divided into seven states, of which only one, Sardinia-Piedmont, was ruled by an Italian princely house.
3. The north was under Austrian Habsburgs, the centre was ruled by the Pope and the southern regions were under the domination of the Bourbon kings of Spain.
4. Even the Italian language had not acquired one common form and still had many regional and
local variations.
Q 19 – How was the English Nation dominated the scottish people?
Ans – 1. The English parliament, which had seized power from the monarchy in 1688 at the end of a
protracted conflict, was the instrument through which a nation-state, with England at its centre, came to be forged.
2. The Act of Union (1707) between England and Scotland that resulted in the formation of the ‘United Kingdom of Great Britain’ meant, in effect, that England was able to impose its influence on Scotland.
3. The growth of a British identity meant that Scotland’s distinctive culture and political institutions were systematically suppressed.
4. The Catholic clans that inhabited the Scottish Highlands suffered terrible repression whenever they attempted to assert their independence.
5. The Scottish Highlanders were forbidden to speak their Gaelic language or wear their national dress, and large numbers were forcibly driven out of their homeland.
Q 20 – How did the Balkans Areas become explosive?
Ans – 1. The spread of the ideas of romantic nationalism in the Balkans together with the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire made this region very explosive.
2. One by one, its European subject nationalities broke away from its control and declared independence.
3. The Balkan peoples based their claims for independence or political rights on nationality and used history to prove that they had once been independent but had subsequently been subjugated by foreign powers.
4. Hence the rebellious nationalities in the Balkans thought of their struggles as attempts to win back their long-lost independence.
Q 21 – Match the term with the statements given below:
A ‘Utopian Society’ is
(i) a society under a benevolent monarchy
(ii) a society that is unlikely to ever exist
(iii) a society under the control of a chosen few wise men
(iv) a society under Parliamentary Democracy
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (ii) only
(d) (iii) only
Ans. (b) (ii) and (iii)
Q 22 – The Civil Code of 1804 in France is usually known as:
(a) The French Revolutionary Code
(b) Napoleonic Code
(c) European Imperial Code
(d) The French Civil Code
Ans. (b) Napoleonic Code
Q 23 – The Christ, saints and angels gaze upon the scene in the first print of Sorrieu.
What does it indicate ?
Ans. . They have been used by the artist to symbolise fraternity among the nations of
the world.
Q 24 – Which of the following countries did not attend the Congress of Vienna?
(a) Britain
(b) Russia
(c) Prussia
(d) Switzerland
Ans. (d) Switzerland
Q 25 – Napoleon invaded Italy in
(a) 1821
(b) 1790s
(c) 1905
(d) 1797
Ans. (b) 1790s
Q 26 – The Napoleonic Code was exported to which of the following regions?
(a) England
(b) Spain
(c) Regions under French control
(d) Poland
Ans. Regions under French control
Q 27 – In 1848, ____________, a French artist, prepared a series of _______ prints visualizing
his dream of a world made up of ___________ and _____________.
Ans.
Q 28 – Who among the following formed the secret society called ‘Young Italy’?
(a) Otto von Bismarck
(b) Giuseppe Mazzini
(c) Mettemich
(d) Johann Gottfried Herder
Ans. (b) Giuseppe Mazzini
Q 29 – Name the two nations which were nation states by the mid- nineteenth century ?
Ans. United States and Switzerland were nation states by the mid- nineteenth century.
Q 30 – Which of the following is not a feature or belief of ‘Conservatism’?
(a) Conservatives believe in established, traditional institutions of state and policy.
(b) Conservatives stressed the importance of tradition and preferred gradual development to quick change.
(c) Conservatives proposed to return to the society of pre-revolutionary days and were against the ideas of modernisation to strengthen monarchy.
(d) Conservatives believed in the monarchy, church, and other social hierarchies.
Ans. (c) Conservatives proposed to return to the society of pre-revolutionary days and were against the ideas of modernisation to strengthen monarchy.
Q 31 – Fill in the blanks:
1) The Civil Code of 1804 was known as the ____________ Code.
Napoleonic
2) The concept of nationalism led to emergence of the ____________ in place of the multi-national dynastic empires of Europe.
nation-state
3) The Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Mazzini was born in ______________ in 1807.
Genoa
Directions:- In the following questions, the Assertions (A) and Reason(s) (R) have
been put forward. Read both statements carefully and choose the correct answer from
the below:
(A) If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct
explanation of assertion (A).
(B) If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is False but reason (R) is True.
Assertions (A) :- The Zollverin was formed in 1834 by the efforts of france in order to unify the European countries for better economic growth .
Reason (R) :- One of the measures of Zollverin was to improve the transportation network in German states.
Ans. (D) Assertion (A) is False but reason (R) is True.
Assertions (A) :- After the defeat of Napolean Bonoparte in 1815 , the series of states were set up on the boundaries of France.
Reason (R) :- This was done to protect and safeguard interests of the French peope.
Ans. (C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
Q 32 – What was the meaning of liberalism in early 19th century in Europe ?
Ans. The term ‘liberalism’ is derived from the Latin word liber meaning free. Thus for the new middle classes, liberalism stood for freedom for the individual and equality of all before the law. Politically, it emphasised the concept of government consent.
Q 33 – Which congress was held in 1815 ? By whom was it hosted ?
Ans.
- Congress of Vienna was held in 1815.
- The Congress was hosted by the Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich.
Q 34 – What steps were taken by the revolutionaries in france to create the feeling of collective identity amongst the French people ?
Ans. 1. From the very beginning, the French revolutionaries introduced various measures and practices that could create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people.
2. The ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen) emphasised the notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution.
3. A new French flag, the tricolour, was chosen to replace the former royal standard.
4. The Estates General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the National Assembly.
5. New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated, all in the name of the nation.
6. A centralised administrative system was put in place and it formulated uniform laws for all citizens
within its territory.
7. Internal customs duties and dues were abolished and a uniform system of weights and measures was adopted.
8. Regional dialects were discouraged and French, as it was spoken and written in Paris, became the common language of the nation.
9. The revolutionaries further declared that it was the mission and the destiny of the French nation to liberate the peoples of Europe from despotism, in other words to help other peoples of Europe
to become nations.
Q 35 – Who said ‘When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold’?
(a) Garibaldi
(b) Bismarck
(c) Mazzini
(d) Duke Metternich
Ans. (d) Duke Metternich
